Articles

Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (MFC): aggressive and prolonged therapy with multiple immunosuppressive agents is needed to halt the progression of active disease. An offbeat review and a case series

Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (MFC) is part of the group of choriocapillaritis entities. The clinical definition of the disease has evolved with time. The aim of this article was to undertake a review on M...

Authors: Ioannis Papasavvas, Piergiorgio Neri, Alessandro Mantovani and Carl P. Herbort Jr

The impact of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on diagnosis and management of infectious uveitis at a tertiary care facility

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a well-accepted adjunct in the management of infectious uveitis. In turn, few reports in the literature have evaluated how PCR then impacts patient care. This study aims to e...

Authors: Julia Fallon, Swati Narayan, Jun Lin, Jodi Sassoon and Stephanie Llop

Ocular inflammatory events following COVID-19 vaccination: a multinational case series

Inflammatory adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination are being reported amidst the growing concerns regarding vaccine’s immunogenicity and safety, especially in patients with pre-existing inflammatory co...

Authors: Ilaria Testi, Camilo Brandão-de-Resende, Rupesh Agrawal and Carlos Pavesio

Practice patterns regarding regional corticosteroid treatment in noninfectious Uveitis: a survey study

Regional corticosteroid therapy for noninfectious uveitis is well-established but usage patterns have not been studied extensively. This study aims to assess practice patterns of retina and uveitis specialists...

Authors: Matthew McHarg, LeAnne Young, Natasha Kesav, Mehmet Yakin, H. Nida Sen and Shilpa Kodati

A case of intravascular lymphoma diagnosed with a primary vitreoretinal lymphoma-like fundus lesion

We report a case of intravascular lymphoma with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma-like fundus findings.

Authors: Masaki Asakage, Kazuhiko Umazume, Hiroyuki Takoi, Daigo Akahane, Yasunori Ishibashi, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Masahide Gondo and Hiroshi Goto

Delayed-onset post-operative keratitis and endophthalmitis caused by Exophiala oligosperma

A case of delayed-onset post-cataract-surgery keratitis and endophthalmitis, caused by the melanin-producing fungus Exophiala oligosperma, is presented. The patient presented with an infection at the corneal side...

Authors: Laurie W. van der Merwe, Dawood da Costa, Kessendri Reddy and David Meyer

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS): update on practical appraisal, diagnosis and clinicopathology; a review and an alternative comprehensive perspective

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a rare inflammatory eye condition affecting the outer retina as a consequence of choriocapillaris non perfusion. The pathophysiology of MEWDS will be discussed...

Authors: Ioannis Papasavvas, Alessandro Mantovani, Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun and Carl P. Herbort Jr

Orbital myiasis on recurrent undifferentiated carcinoma in the COVID-19 era: a case report and brief review of the literature

Myiasis is defined as the infestation of living tissues by Diptera larvae. Ophthalmic involvement occurs in less than 5% of cases. As the most uncommon type of involvement, orbital myiasis usually affects pati...

Authors: Mansooreh Jamshidian-Tehrani, Kasra Cheraqpour, Mohammad Amini, Fahimeh Asadi Amoli and Abolfazl Kasaee

Clinicopathology of non-infectious choroiditis: evolution of its appraisal during the last 2–3 decades from “white dot syndromes” to precise classification

Choroidal imaging investigation techniques were very limited until 2–3 decades ago.

Authors: Carl P. Herbort Jr, Piergiorgio Neri and Ioannis Papasavvas

Lens-induced hypopyon uveitis as the presenting manifestation of posterior lens nucleus dislocation following pars-plana vitrectomy: case report

A 57-year-old otherwise healthy male presented to our department seven days following uneventful pars-plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade for a superior bullous retinal detachment in the left eye. Ophthalmic e...

Authors: Ksiaa Imen, Ben Hadj Tahar Meriam, Sellem Ilhem, Attia Sonia, Abroug Nesrine and Khairallah Moncef

Choroidal involvement in non-infectious posterior scleritis

To provide a comprehensive overview of choroidal involvement in non-infectious posterior scleritis; including different imaging modalities and their clinical usefulness.

Authors: Sandra Vermeirsch, Ilaria Testi and Carlos Pavesio

Acute bilateral blindness in a young Covid-19 patient with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis

Authors: Ines Malek, Jihene Sayadi, Rim Lahiani, Miriam Boumediene, Memia Ben Salah, Myriam Jrad, Moncef Khairallah and Leila Nacef

Rebound iritis with a well-circumscribed anterior chamber fibrin mass after uncomplicated cataract surgery

Authors: Nilesh Raval, Wen-Jeng (Melissa) Yao, Gene Kim and Joann J. Kang

Quantitative effect of subretinal fluid and intraretinal edema on visual acuity in uveitic cystoid macular edema

The effect of subretinal fluid (SRF) in uveitic cystoid macular edema (CME) is not fully understood. This study evaluates the quantitative effect of SRF and intraretinal thickness on visual acuity in eyes with...

Authors: Eric W. Weldy, Jennifer L. Patnaik, Paula E. Pecen and Alan G. Palestine

Intraocular therapy in noninfectious uveitis

Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressant agents are the mainstay of therapy for non-infectious uveitis (NIU). However, the risks associated with systemic administration and the need of delivering an effe...

Authors: Rocco Luigi Modugno, Ilaria Testi and Carlos Pavesio

Cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: clinical presentations and outcomes

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) can occur even in the presence of high CD 4 counts and can behave differently when compared to CMV retinitis in human immunodeficie...

Authors: Subhakar Reddy, Mudit Tyagi, Shashwat Behera, Rajeev R. Pappuru, Vivek P. Dave, Soumyava Basu and Hitesh Agrawal

Virulence factors in multidrug (MDR) and Pan-drug resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a cross-sectional study of isolates recovered from ocular infections in a high-incidence setting in southern India

Global concerns have been raised due to upward trend of Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa reports in ocular infections. Our aim was to characterize the virulence determinants of MDR P. aeruginosa ...

Authors: Poonam Naik, Suchita Pandey, Satyashree Gagan, Sudeshna Biswas and Joveeta Joseph

Fungal keratitis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii: clinical and mycological characteristics

Pseudallescheria keratitis is rare but important type of fungal keratitis because of the inherently resistance of the organism to many existing antifungal agents.

Authors: Alireza Izadi, Mohammad Soleimani, Claudy Oliveira dos Santos, Marlou C. Tehupeiory-Kooreman, Roshanak Daie Ghazvini, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Mohssen Gramishoar, Mehdi Aminizadeh, Zohre Abedinifar, Paul E. Verweij and Sadegh Khodavaisy

Symptoms and signs of conjunctivitis as predictors of disease course in COVID-19 syndrome

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can induce conjunctivitis signs and symptoms. However, limited information is available on their impact on COVID-19 disease phenotype. Quantificatio...

Authors: Martina Ranzenigo, Elena Bruzzesi, Laura Galli, Antonella Castagna and Giulio Ferrari

Vision-related quality of life and psychosocial well-being of patients with episcleritis and scleritis: a neglected essence?

To assess the change in vision-related quality of life and psychosocial well-being of the patients with episcleritis and scleritis patients before and after treatment.

Authors: Apurva Ratna Tamrakar, Ranju Kharel Sitaula, Sagun Narayan Joshi and Manjita Bajracharya

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination on ocular herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus reactivation: should preventive antiviral treatment be given in known herpes patients

Authors: Carl P. Herbort Jr and Ioannis Papasavvas

Multimodal imaging supporting the pathophysiology of white dot syndromes

White dot syndromes (WDS) represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases, primarily affecting the outer retina, choriocapillaris and choroid. Recent advances in the field of ocular imaging and develo...

Authors: Ilaria Testi, Rocco Luigi Modugno and Carlos Pavesio

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE)

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a rare inflammatory eye disease, affecting the inner choroid and the outer retina. Recent advances in multimodal imaging have been importan...

Authors: Ilaria Testi, Sandra Vermeirsch and Carlos Pavesio

Varicella-zoster virus reactivation causing herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination – report of three cases

We are reporting 3 patients who presented acute zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), an activation of varicella-zoster virus, after mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, seen directly or referred to our center.

Authors: Ioannis Papasavvas, Christian de Courten and Carl P. Herbort Jr

Combined endophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis in patients with corona virus disease (COVID-19)

To document the presentation of unilateral combined endophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis in patients with COVID-19 infection and study their prognosis.

Authors: Mohamed Farouk Sayed Othman Abdelkader, Ahmed Mohamed Kamal Elshafei, Mahmoud Mamdouh Nassar, Mostafa A. Abu Elela and Raafat Mohyeldeen Abdelrahman Abdallah

Fungal keratitis after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE): a case report and review of the literature

To report a case of perforated fungal keratitis after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) treated with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).

Authors: Mohammad Soleimani and Ali A. Haydar

Histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular biologic study of an enucleated specimen of a case of Eales’ disease

Eales’ disease is a retinal vasculitis characterized by retinal inflammation, ischemia, and neovascularization. Exact pathogenesis of this disease is yet to be found out. We present a 29-year-old male, diagnos...

Authors: Amravi Shah, Sneha Giridhar, Gazal Patnaik, Radhika Mhatre, Dipankar Das, M. K. Janani, Anita Mahadevan and Jyotirmay Biswas

Rituximab for treatment of non-infectious and non-malignant orbital inflammatory disease

To provide a comprehensive review of rituximab use for the treatment of non-infectious/non-malignant orbital inflammation.

Authors: Caleb C. Ng, Aileen Sy and Emmett T. Cunningham Jr

Rituximab for non-infectious Uveitis and Scleritis

To provide a comprehensive review of rituximab use for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis and scleritis.

Authors: Caleb C. Ng, Aileen Sy and Emmett T. Cunningham Jr

Risk factors and outcomes of post-traumatic endophthalmitis: a retrospective single-center study

To describe the epidemiology, characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of post-traumatic endophthalmitis.

Authors: Nawat Watanachai, Janejit Choovuthayakorn, Susama Chokesuwattanaskul, Chaipot Photcharapongsakul, Praelada Wongsirimeteekul, Phichayut Phinyo, Voraporn Chaikitmongkol, Paradee Kunavisarut, Pongsant Supreeyathitikul and Direk Patikulsila

Effective diagnosis by real-time PCR of herpes simplex diffuse endotheliitis that is similar in appearance to fungal keratitis: case series

Herpes simplex diffuse endotheliitis with accompanying feathery infiltration is difficult to diagnose due to corneal findings that are similar to fungal keratitis. This case series reports on the effectiveness...

Authors: Daisuke Todokoro, Mayumi Hosogai, Satoko Nakano and Hideo Akiyama

Reactivation of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease under control for more than 6 years, following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a primary stromal choroiditis with bilateral granulomatous panuveitis. If initial-onset VKH is treated early and relentlessly the disease can be controlled and even “cured...

Authors: Ioannis Papasavvas and Carl P. Herbort Jr.

The acute phase response protein SERPINA3 is increased in tear fluid from the unaffected eyes of patients with unilateral acute anterior uveitis

To identify candidate tear fluid biomarkers in patients with unilateral acute anterior uveitis (AAU) that can aid in the differentiation between these patients and patients with bacterial keratitis or healthy ...

Authors: Jon Roger Eidet, Maja Akopian, Ole K. Olstad, Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad, Morten C. Moe, Goran Petrovski and Milaim Pepaj

Foveal reorganization after treatment of acute foveal toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis

To report a patient with impaired vision due to foveal involvement of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, who was successfully treated with intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone and oral therapy with azithromy...

Authors: Mojtaba Abrishami, Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini, Solmaz Momtahen and Ghodsieh Zamani

Factors associated with the development of ocular candidiasis and ocular prognosis with echinocandin therapy for candidemia

To evaluate the factors associated with the development of ocular candidiasis (OC) and ocular prognosis with echinocandin therapy for candidemia.

Authors: Daiki Sakai, Wataru Matsumiya, Sentaro Kusuhara and Makoto Nakamura

Post-traumatic exogenous endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia farcinica

A case report of post-traumatic exogenous endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia farcinica, including treatment procedures, microbiology examination, and systemic medications. A 23-year-old male suffered a penetratin...

Authors: Marie Česká Burdová, Kateřina Donátová, Gabriela Mahelková, Vanda Chrenková and Dagmar Dotřelová

“Environmental risk factors associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis: a systematic review of the literature”

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (JIA-U) is the most common extra-articular manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and carries considerable risk to vision. The aim of this systema...

Authors: Sarah L. N. Clarke, Katie S. Mageean, Henry Carlton, Gabriele Simonini, Gemma C. Sharp, Caroline L. Relton and Athimalaipet V. Ramanan

“Old wine in a new bottle” - post COVID-19 infection, central serous chorioretinopathy and the steroids

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic can cause myriad of ocular manifestations.

Authors: Srinivasan Sanjay, Poornachandra B. Gowda, Bhimasena Rao, Deepashri Mutalik, Padmamalini Mahendradas, Ankush Kawali and Rohit Shetty

Varicella zoster virus anterior uveitis complicated by thalamic stroke

We report a case of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated anterior uveitis in a patient with weight loss, arthritis and signs of inflammatory bowel disease. Her clinical course included the development of a ...

Authors: Casey L. Anthony, Anastasios P. Costarides, Steven Yeh and Jessica G. Shantha

Clinical course, treatment and visual outcome of an outbreak of Burkholderia contaminans endophthalmitis following cataract surgery

Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare but dreaded complication of intraocular surgery and often results in severe visual impairment or blindness. The present study describes the clinical course, treatment an...

Authors: Caroline Lind, Karina Olsen, Nina K. Angelsen, Einar A. Krefting, Kristian Fossen, Kirsten Gravningen, Eliza Depoorter, Peter Vandamme and Geir Bertelsen

Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome and ocular manifestations

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder associated with obstetrical complications, thrombotic complications involving both arteries and veins, and non-thrombotic manifestations affecting mult...

Authors: Gunay Uludag, Neil Onghanseng, Anh N. T. Tran, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Yasir J. Sepah, Diana V. Do and Quan Dong Nguyen

Central retinal vein occlusion in the setting of COVID-19 infection

Authors: Nilesh Raval, Anna Djougarian and James Lin

Abducens nerve palsy with associated retinal involvement secondary to rickettsia typhi infection

To report a case of abducens nerve palsy with associated retinal involvement due to rickettsia typhi infection.

Authors: Kaies Abderrahim, Sourour Zina, Molka Khairallah, Hager Ben Amor, Sana Khochtali and Moncef Khairallah

Clinical outcomes of pediatric macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis

Macular edema (ME) is the most frequent cause of irreversible visual impairment in patients with uveitis. To date, little data exists about the clinical course of ME in pediatric patients. A retrospective, obs...

Authors: Anh Hong Nguyen, Bethlehem Mekonnen, Eric Kim and Nisha R. Acharya

Common bacterial causes of external ocular infections, associated risk factors and antibiotic resistance among patients at ophthalmology unit of Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Ocular infections are a serious public health problem in Ethiopia with increased incidence of morbidity and blindness. Empirical therapy with topical ophthalmic broad spectrum antibiotic formulations is also a...

Authors: Zimam Ayehubizu, Wondemagegn Mulu and Fantahun Biadglegne

Persumed sympathetic Ophthalmia after scleral buckling surgery: case report

Scleral buckling (SB) is usually considered an extraocular operation premeditated to have a low risk of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). Here we report a rare case of presumed SO in a young female patient followin...

Authors: Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini, Nasser Shoeibi, Mahdieh Azimi Zadeh, Mahdi Ghasemi and Mojtaba Abrishami

Serum IgE reduction and paradoxical eosinophilia associated with allergic conjunctivitis after dupilumab therapy

Authors: Ayaka Kimura, Ayaka Takeda, Toyo Ikebukuro and Junko Hori

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is always bilateral: reports of unilateral cases failed to use choroidal investigations showing subclinical involvement of the fellow eye

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a primary stromal choroiditis and a bilateral granulomatous panuveitis which, if not treated early and properly, could have a deleterious evolution. The purpose of our cas...

Authors: Ioannis Papasavvas and Carl P. Herbort Jr

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis manifesting as Bell’s palsy and bilateral macular necrotizing retinitis: an atypical presenting feature

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a potentially lethal complication of measles infection. Neurological complications take years to manifest after primary viral infection of brain and can lead to bl...

Authors: Lagan Paul, Tanya Jain, Manisha Agarwal and Shalini Singh

Peripheral retinal arteriolar leakage in giant cell arteritis: a case report

A 76-year old African American female with a history of arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) secondary to biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) presented with unilateral vision loss in her contralater...

Authors: Meleha Ahmad, Andrew R. Carey, Charles G. Eberhart, Sepideh Siadati and Amanda D. Henderson