Articles

Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome and ocular manifestations

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder associated with obstetrical complications, thrombotic complications involving both arteries and veins, and non-thrombotic manifestations affecting mult...

Authors: Gunay Uludag, Neil Onghanseng, Anh N. T. Tran, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Yasir J. Sepah, Diana V. Do and Quan Dong Nguyen

Central retinal vein occlusion in the setting of COVID-19 infection

Authors: Nilesh Raval, Anna Djougarian and James Lin

Abducens nerve palsy with associated retinal involvement secondary to rickettsia typhi infection

To report a case of abducens nerve palsy with associated retinal involvement due to rickettsia typhi infection.

Authors: Kaies Abderrahim, Sourour Zina, Molka Khairallah, Hager Ben Amor, Sana Khochtali and Moncef Khairallah

Clinical outcomes of pediatric macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis

Macular edema (ME) is the most frequent cause of irreversible visual impairment in patients with uveitis. To date, little data exists about the clinical course of ME in pediatric patients. A retrospective, obs...

Authors: Anh Hong Nguyen, Bethlehem Mekonnen, Eric Kim and Nisha R. Acharya

Common bacterial causes of external ocular infections, associated risk factors and antibiotic resistance among patients at ophthalmology unit of Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Ocular infections are a serious public health problem in Ethiopia with increased incidence of morbidity and blindness. Empirical therapy with topical ophthalmic broad spectrum antibiotic formulations is also a...

Authors: Zimam Ayehubizu, Wondemagegn Mulu and Fantahun Biadglegne

Persumed sympathetic Ophthalmia after scleral buckling surgery: case report

Scleral buckling (SB) is usually considered an extraocular operation premeditated to have a low risk of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). Here we report a rare case of presumed SO in a young female patient followin...

Authors: Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini, Nasser Shoeibi, Mahdieh Azimi Zadeh, Mahdi Ghasemi and Mojtaba Abrishami

Serum IgE reduction and paradoxical eosinophilia associated with allergic conjunctivitis after dupilumab therapy

Authors: Ayaka Kimura, Ayaka Takeda, Toyo Ikebukuro and Junko Hori

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is always bilateral: reports of unilateral cases failed to use choroidal investigations showing subclinical involvement of the fellow eye

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a primary stromal choroiditis and a bilateral granulomatous panuveitis which, if not treated early and properly, could have a deleterious evolution. The purpose of our cas...

Authors: Ioannis Papasavvas and Carl P. Herbort Jr

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis manifesting as Bell’s palsy and bilateral macular necrotizing retinitis: an atypical presenting feature

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a potentially lethal complication of measles infection. Neurological complications take years to manifest after primary viral infection of brain and can lead to bl...

Authors: Lagan Paul, Tanya Jain, Manisha Agarwal and Shalini Singh

Peripheral retinal arteriolar leakage in giant cell arteritis: a case report

A 76-year old African American female with a history of arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) secondary to biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) presented with unilateral vision loss in her contralater...

Authors: Meleha Ahmad, Andrew R. Carey, Charles G. Eberhart, Sepideh Siadati and Amanda D. Henderson

Intravenous administration of Penicillin results in therapeutic intravitreal levels in chronic postoperative endophthalmitis

The role of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis remains controversial. While penicillin is a highly effective antibiotic against bacteria that frequently cause endophthalmitis, t...

Authors: Chloe Thabet, Chloe C. C. Gottlieb, Bernard R. Hurley, Guijun Zhang, Adeel Sherazi and Jonathan B. Angel

Acute macular neuroretinopathy in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and deceased by COVID-19: a case report

Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a visual-deteriorating rare clinical entity with an uncertain etiology. We aimed to report a case of AMN and underlying disease of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Authors: Ghodsieh Zamani, Sajjad Ataei Azimi;, Ali Aminizadeh, Elham Shams Abadi, Mostafa Kamandi, Hasan Mortazi, Somayeh Shariat and Mojtaba Abrishami

Drug-induced ectropion following the chronic use of topical Natamycin

Authors: Mohammad Soleimani, Farzad Pakdel and Mohammad Mehrpour

Cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood and aqueous humor of patients with herpetic uveitis

Authors: Marta Catarina Esteves Guedes, Catarina Gregório Martins, Maria Jorge Arroz, Miguel Angelo-Dias, Luís Miguel Borrego and Rui Daniel Proença

Comparison of fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography features of macular changes in Eales disease: a case series

To study the macular features in Eales disease patients observed with fundus fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Authors: Ketaki Rajurkar, Meenakshi Thakar, Priyadarshi Gupta and Anju Rastogi

Sequential bilateral Behçet’s neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary vitreous exudate: case report

To describe a case of Behçet disease (BD) uveitis manifesting with sequential bilateral neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary inflammatory vitreous exudate (PIVE).

Authors: Imen Ksiaa, Safa Ben Aoun, Sourour Zina, Dhouha Nefzi, Sana Khochtali and Moncef Khairallah

Current diagnostic tools and management modalities of Nocardia keratitis

Nocardia species are an uncommon but important cause of keratitis. The purpose of this review is to discus previous published papers relation to the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of Nocardia ke...

Authors: Mohammad Soleimani, Ahmad Masoumi, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Mostafa Heidari, Ali A. Haydar and Alireza Izadi

Preventing relapse in non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye – evaluating the 0.2 μg/day fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (ILUVIEN^®)

The current article is a short review of an Alimera Sciences-sponsored symposium held during The 15th International Ocular Inflammation Society Congress in Taiwan on the 14th November 2019 entitled, ‘Preventing r...

Authors: Bahram Bodaghi, Quan Dong Nguyen, Glenn Jaffe, Ramin Khoramnia and Carlos Pavesio

A ten-year report of microbial keratitis in pediatric population under five years in a tertiary eye center

To report characteristics of microbial keratitis in pediatric patients under five years.

Authors: Mohammad Soleimani, Seyed Ali Tabatabaei, S. Saeed Mohammadi, Niloufar Valipour and Arash Mirzaei

The clinical spectrum of ocular bartonellosis: a retrospective study at a tertiary centre in Malaysia

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a systemic illness caused by the gram-negative bacillus, Bartonella henselea, which can occasionally involve the ocular structures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the vari...

Authors: Michele Shi-Ying Tey, Gayathri Govindasamy and Francesca Martina Vendargon

Increased incidence of glaucoma medication usage in middle-aged Australian males taking antiretroviral medication – a population-based study

To investigate a possible association between glaucoma and the use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV in the Australian population.

Authors: Wen-Shen Lee, Shaun Parsons, Dean Cugley, Sophie Rogers, Lyndell L. Lim and Anthony Hall

Occlusive retinal vasculitis and periphlebitis in Buerger’s disease: a case report

Authors: Ioannis S. Dimopoulos, Michael Dollin and Chloe C. Gottlieb

Ocular syphilis with optic disc neovascularization treated with bevacizumab evaluated by OCT angiography and electroretinography

We present our findings in an atypical case of ocular syphilis with optic disc neovascularization that was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and followed by multimodal imaging and electroretinography. A 29...

Authors: Gen Miura, Takayuki Baba, Marie Takeishi, Tomoaki Tatsumi, Hirotaka Yokouchi and Shuichi Yamamoto

Susac syndrome (Retino-cochleo-cerebral vasculitis), the ophthalmologist in the role of the whistleblower

Susac syndrome is a rare microangiopathy of suspected autoimmune origin affecting arteries of the retina, the cochlea and the brain. The aim of the study was to give a review of the disease entity and determin...

Authors: Ioannis Papasavvas, Barbara Teuchner and Carl Peter Herbort Jr

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and panuveitis: a case report

To report a patient with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) complicated by iridocyclitis and vitritis.

Authors: Kazuomi Mizuuchi, Wataru Saito, Kenichi Namba and Susumu Ishida

Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with endophthalmitis using conventional microbiologic techniques and whole genome sequencing

To demonstrate antibiotic susceptibility and genomic virulence factor profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with culture-confirmed endophthalmitis.

Authors: Jesse D. Sengillo, Jacob Duker, Maribel Hernandez, Jorge Maestre, Daniela Reyes-Capo, Annika Patel, Arjun Watane, Nimesh A. Patel, Nicolas A. Yannuzzi, Darlene Miller and Harry W. Flynn Jr

Incidence of uveitis and macular edema among patients taking fingolimod 0.5 mg for multiple sclerosis

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a higher incidence of uveitis compared with the general population. Fingolimod, a first line disease modifying drug used in multiple sclerosis, may cause macular edem...

Authors: Scott Joseph Sonne and Bradley Thomas Smith

Initial-onset acute and chronic recurrent stages are two distinctive courses of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

To describe distinctive stages of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease: initial-onset acute versus chronic recurrent disease.

Authors: Cristhian A. Urzua, Carl Herbort Jr, Rodrigo A. Valenzuela, Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar, Lourdes Arellanes-Garcia, Ariel Schlaen, Joyce Yamamoto and Carlos Pavesio

Non-medial infectious orbital cellulitis: etiology, causative organisms, radiologic findings, management and complications

Orbital cellulitis is an ophthalmic emergency, which is associated with vision-threatening adverse effects. The purpose of this study is investigating etiology, radiologic findings, management and complication...

Authors: Seyed Mohammad Bagher Abtahi, Masoomeh Eghtedari, Shahla Hosseini, Mohammad Shirvani, Atefeh Talebi, Nasrin Masihpoor, Sahar Mohaghegh, Anahid Hamidianjahromi and Mohammad Hosseini

COVID-19 and ocular implications: an update

COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is now pandemic all over the world. The purpose of this review is to highlight the possible ocular presentation of COVI...

Authors: Raffaele Nuzzi, Luigi Ludovico Carucci and Flavia Tripoli

Risk of eye infections in dental personnel and the need for its prevention: a case report

A lot of dentists and dental personnel are at high risk of contracting eye infections during operative procedures involving aerosols. As many may not be aware of it, they often ignore the precautions to be tak...

Authors: Ritvi Arvind and M. Roma

Acute bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis as an extra-hepatic manifestation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection: a case report

Anterior uveitis (AU) is the most common form of uveitis. The differential diagnosis of AU is broad, ranging from infectious etiologies to autoimmune causes. However, approximately half remain idiopathic. Infe...

Authors: Ali Azimi, Mohammad Shirvani, Shahla Hosseini, Vahid Bazojoo, Nasrin Masihpoor, Sahar Mohaghegh and Seyed Mohammad Sadeghi

Infectious endophthalmitis at a Philippine tertiary hospital: a ten-year retrospective study

Endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening disease characterized by marked progressive inflammation of the vitreous and/or aqueous humors. Limited information is currently available regarding endophthalmitis in th...

Authors: Victoria Grace Dimacali and Ruben Lim Bon Siong

Spontaneous hyphema associated with ocular syphilis

The purpose of this case series is to illustrate a novel presentation of ocular syphilis. Two cases of ocular syphilis presenting with spontaneous hyphema are described, demonstrating that spontaneous hyphema ...

Authors: Brent Deibert, Kellie Wark, Rocio Diaz and Christopher Blodi

Long-term prophylaxis in an immunocompetent patient with Cytomegalovirus retinitis: a case report and review of literature

Cytomegalovirus retinitis is an infectious sight-threatening condition that usually occurs in immunosuppressed individuals, but rare cases of Cytomegalovirus retinitis have been reported in immunocompetent pat...

Authors: Seyed Ali Tabatabaei, Kasra Cheraqpour, Elias Khalili Pour and Bahram Bohrani Sefidan

Sympathetic Ophthalmia Two Weeks After 23-Gauge Vitrectomy

Authors: Bahaeddin B.E. EL Khatib, Menka S.M.P. Patel, Alexander A.H. Hacopian, Monica M.D. Dalal, H. Nida H.N.S. Sen and Marena M.P. Patronas

Treatment of presumed Nocardia endophthalmitis and subretinal abscess with serial intravitreal amikacin injections and pars plana vitrectomy

A 64-year-old man with a past medical history of liver transplantation on chronic immunosuppressive therapy presented with gradual worsening of vision over 2 months in his right eye. His recent history of Aspergi...

Authors: Sara L. Hojjatie, Sherveen S. Salek, William A. Pearce, Jill R. Wells and Steven Yeh

Unilateral acute anterior uveitis is associated with ipsilateral changes in the tear fluid proteome that involves the LXR/RXR pathway

To determine whether unilateral acute anterior uveitis (AAU) induces ipsilateral changes in the tear fluid proteome.

Authors: Jon Roger Eidet, Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad, Ida G. Fostad, Ole K. Olstad, Ragnhild Ø. Sørland, Morten C. Moe, Goran Petrovski and Milaim Pepaj

A review of ocular adverse events of biological anti-TNF drugs

The recent introduction of biological agents has revolutionized the treatment of chronic immune-inflammatory diseases; however, this new therapy did not come without significant side effects.

Authors: Fernanda Nicolela Susanna and Carlos Pavesio

Concurrent presence of retinal hemorrhages in the setting of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome - an unusual presentation

Authors: Sowkath Ali, Hnin Hnin Oo, Rupesh Agarwal and Peh Khaik Khee

Acute macular neuroretinopathy with coexistent central retinal vein occlusion as the presenting feature in intraocular tuberculosis

To report a case of intraocular tuberculosis presenting as acute macular neuroretinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion.

Authors: Ramesh Venkatesh, Sajjan Sangai, Arpitha Pereira, Padmamalini Mahendradas and Naresh Kumar Yadav

In vitro Susceptibilities of Methicillin-Susceptible and Resistant Staphylococci to Traditional Antibiotics Compared to a Novel Fluoroquinolone

To assess the in-vitro efficacy of delafloxacin, a new fourth generation fluoroquinolone, against Staphylococcus vitreous isolates from patients with clinically diagnosed endophthalmitis. This is the first invest...

Authors: Kenneth C. Fan, James Lin, Nicolas A. Yannuzzi, Hasenin Al-Khersan, Nimesh A. Patel, Jorge Maestre-Mesa, Mustafa Zaidi, Darlene Miller and Harry W. Flynn Jr

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion as a presenting sign of Acute Retinal Necrosis: a rare association

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a potentially blinding necrotizing viral retinitis. It starts with one or more foci and spreads circumferentially and involves the posterior pole in the later stages. Vascular o...

Authors: Manisha Agarwal, Chanda Gupta, Abhishek Jain and Brajesh Kumar

Utility of wound cultures in the management of open globe injuries: a 5-year retrospective review

Endophthalmitis after open globe injury can be devastating to vision recovery. As treatment of endophthalmitis is often empiric, some surgeons may obtain cultures at presentation of trauma in anticipation of l...

Authors: Ryan T. Drumright, Kathleen A. Regan, Albert L. Lin, Meghan G. Moroux and Siva S. R. Iyer

Automated measurement of leakage on wide-field angiography in the assessment of retinal vasculitis

Automated analysis of leakage on fluorescein angiography is a measurable and clinically applicable endpoint that can be used to follow patients with posterior uveitis. A number of studies have analyzed the use...

Authors: Arthi G. Venkat and Sumit Sharma

Severe visual impairment due to an optic neuropathy and central retinal vein occlusion in a sarcoidosis patient

The ophthalmic manifestation of neurosarcoidosis is varied. The complication of optic neuropathy and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is rare in sarcoidosis.

Authors: Miki Hiraoka

Characterization of cyclitic membranes by ultrabiomicroscopy in patients with pars planitis

In previous studies, authors use ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to analyze the characteristics of cyclitic membranes and the associated complications in patients with pars planitis. However, there are no repor...

Authors: Luz Elena Concha del Río, Gonzalo Alejandro Duarte González, Mariana Mayorquín Ruiz and Lourdes Arellanes-García

Necrotic scleral melt and fungal keratitis—a complication of subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection

Subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection (STAI) is a safe drug delivery method for various ocular conditions. We report two cases of necrotic scleral melt, a rare complication of STAI.

Authors: Manisha Agarwal, Richa Ranjan and Umang Mathur

Bilateral corneal perforation and iris prolapse as a complication non-peripheral ulcerative keratitis in a patient with fulminant granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report

Authors: Andrés Vargas-Villanueva, Natalia Carvajal-Saiz, Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz and Alejandra de-la-Torre

Ozurdex (dexamethasone intravitreal implant) for the treatment of intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis: a systematic review of the current evidence

This study aims to determine if the intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX implant, Ozurdex; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California) is effective for treating intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis as a monother...

Authors: Saanwalshah Samir Saincher and Chloe Gottlieb