Articles

A review of ocular adverse events of biological anti-TNF drugs

The recent introduction of biological agents has revolutionized the treatment of chronic immune-inflammatory diseases; however, this new therapy did not come without significant side effects.

Authors: Fernanda Nicolela Susanna and Carlos Pavesio

Concurrent presence of retinal hemorrhages in the setting of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome - an unusual presentation

Authors: Sowkath Ali, Hnin Hnin Oo, Rupesh Agarwal and Peh Khaik Khee

Acute macular neuroretinopathy with coexistent central retinal vein occlusion as the presenting feature in intraocular tuberculosis

To report a case of intraocular tuberculosis presenting as acute macular neuroretinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion.

Authors: Ramesh Venkatesh, Sajjan Sangai, Arpitha Pereira, Padmamalini Mahendradas and Naresh Kumar Yadav

In vitro Susceptibilities of Methicillin-Susceptible and Resistant Staphylococci to Traditional Antibiotics Compared to a Novel Fluoroquinolone

To assess the in-vitro efficacy of delafloxacin, a new fourth generation fluoroquinolone, against Staphylococcus vitreous isolates from patients with clinically diagnosed endophthalmitis. This is the first invest...

Authors: Kenneth C. Fan, James Lin, Nicolas A. Yannuzzi, Hasenin Al-Khersan, Nimesh A. Patel, Jorge Maestre-Mesa, Mustafa Zaidi, Darlene Miller and Harry W. Flynn Jr

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion as a presenting sign of Acute Retinal Necrosis: a rare association

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a potentially blinding necrotizing viral retinitis. It starts with one or more foci and spreads circumferentially and involves the posterior pole in the later stages. Vascular o...

Authors: Manisha Agarwal, Chanda Gupta, Abhishek Jain and Brajesh Kumar

Utility of wound cultures in the management of open globe injuries: a 5-year retrospective review

Endophthalmitis after open globe injury can be devastating to vision recovery. As treatment of endophthalmitis is often empiric, some surgeons may obtain cultures at presentation of trauma in anticipation of l...

Authors: Ryan T. Drumright, Kathleen A. Regan, Albert L. Lin, Meghan G. Moroux and Siva S. R. Iyer

Automated measurement of leakage on wide-field angiography in the assessment of retinal vasculitis

Automated analysis of leakage on fluorescein angiography is a measurable and clinically applicable endpoint that can be used to follow patients with posterior uveitis. A number of studies have analyzed the use...

Authors: Arthi G. Venkat and Sumit Sharma

Severe visual impairment due to an optic neuropathy and central retinal vein occlusion in a sarcoidosis patient

The ophthalmic manifestation of neurosarcoidosis is varied. The complication of optic neuropathy and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is rare in sarcoidosis.

Authors: Miki Hiraoka

Characterization of cyclitic membranes by ultrabiomicroscopy in patients with pars planitis

In previous studies, authors use ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to analyze the characteristics of cyclitic membranes and the associated complications in patients with pars planitis. However, there are no repor...

Authors: Luz Elena Concha del Río, Gonzalo Alejandro Duarte González, Mariana Mayorquín Ruiz and Lourdes Arellanes-García

Necrotic scleral melt and fungal keratitis—a complication of subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection

Subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection (STAI) is a safe drug delivery method for various ocular conditions. We report two cases of necrotic scleral melt, a rare complication of STAI.

Authors: Manisha Agarwal, Richa Ranjan and Umang Mathur

Bilateral corneal perforation and iris prolapse as a complication non-peripheral ulcerative keratitis in a patient with fulminant granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report

Authors: Andrés Vargas-Villanueva, Natalia Carvajal-Saiz, Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz and Alejandra de-la-Torre

Ozurdex (dexamethasone intravitreal implant) for the treatment of intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis: a systematic review of the current evidence

This study aims to determine if the intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX implant, Ozurdex; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California) is effective for treating intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis as a monother...

Authors: Saanwalshah Samir Saincher and Chloe Gottlieb

Topographic correlation between multifocal electroretinography, microperimetry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy

To correlate the findings of retinal function with multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), microperimetry (MP), and structural assessments with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in topographi...

Authors: Rubbia Afridi, Aniruddha Agarwal, Nam V. Nguyen, Muhammad Hassan, Mohammad Ali Sadiq, Quan Dong Nguyen and Yasir J. Sepah

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis: review article

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is an ocular infectious disease that can lead to severe visual impairment and blindness. It usually occurs in healthy young individuals and depending on the st...

Authors: Thiago José Muniz Machado Mazzeo, Mario Martins dos Santos Motta and André Luiz Land Curi

Tuberculous scleritis in a young Asian Indian girl—a case presentation and literature review

Scleritis is the severe painful inflammation of the sclera, which can be infectious or non-infectious. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the common causes of infectious scleritis. TB, though endemic in countries lik...

Authors: Lagan Paul, Manisha Agarwal, Shalini Singh, Prashant Katre and Aman Sumeet Arora

Optical coherence tomography angiography in uveitis

Before the introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the early 2000s, dye-based angiography was considered the “gold standard” for the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular inflammation. ...

Authors: Paris Tranos, Evdoxia-Maria Karasavvidou, Olga Gkorou and Carlos Pavesio

Does ophthalmic-grade silicone oil possess antimicrobial properties?

To test the antimicrobial properties of silicon oil (Aurosil 1000 cSt, Aurosil Plus 5000 cSt) on in vitro growth of common microorganisms causing endophthalmitis.

Authors: Vivek Pravin Dave, Joveeta Joseph, Priyanka Jayabhasker, Rajeev Reddy Pappuru, Avinash Pathengay and Taraprasad Das

Interleukin-6 inhibition in the management of non-infectious uveitis and beyond

Uveitis consists of a spectrum of inflammatory disorders characterized by ocular inflammation. The underlying pathophysiology consists of a complex interplay of various inflammatory pathways. Interleukin 6 is ...

Authors: Samendra Karkhur, Murat Hasanreisoglu, Erin Vigil, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Muhammad Hassan, Carlos Plaza, Nam V. Nguyen, Rubbia Afridi, Anh T. Tran, Diana V. Do, Yasir J. Sepah and Quan Dong Nguyen

Paradoxical reactions in ocular tuberculosis

Paradoxical reactions following initiation of anti-tubercular therapy have been documented most often in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A combination of factors such as delayed hypersensitivity, decreased suppre...

Authors: Sudha K. Ganesh, Sharanya Abraham and Sridharan Sudharshan

The broad spectrum of application of optical coherence tomography angiography to the anterior segment of the eye in inflammatory conditions: a review of the literature

With an increased number of papers on how to interpret optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in uveitis, the aim of this review is to assess its efficacy for the quantitative monitoring of s...

Authors: Francesco Pichi, Philipp Roberts and Piergiorgio Neri

Bilateral viral keratitis following corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus

Corneal collagen crosslinking has been proven to be a useful technique to slow the progression of keratoconus. With its increasing use, we are encountering rare complications. We describe a case that developed...

Authors: Sanjeeta Sitaula, Sanjay K. Singh and Anil Gurung

Optimising graft survival in endothelial keratoplasty for endothelial failure secondary to cytomegalovirus endotheliitis

There is limited information regarding Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) for endothelial failure secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) endotheliitis. Treatment is difficult with high r...

Authors: Milton C. Chew, Donald T. Tan, Soon-Phaik Chee and Lim Li

Experience of using adalimumab in treating sight-threatening paediatric or adolescent Behcet’s disease-related uveitis

To report the clinical outcomes of adalimumab in treating refractory Behcet’s disease (BD)-related uveitis in paediatric or adolescent patients.

Authors: Mary Ho, Li Jia Chen, Helena P. Y. Sin, Lawrence P. L. Iu, Marten Brelen, Assunta C. H. Ho, Timothy Y. Y. Lai and Alvin L. Young

Therapy-resistant dry itchy eyes

An 8 years old male presented to our clinic with dry eye symptomes. Different therapiy attemps were made in the last few months and did not lead to any improvement. Examining this patient revealed multiple sig...

Authors: Rima Wardeh, Volker Besgen and Walter Sekundo

Effect of vitreomacular adhesion on the treatment outcomes in the STOP-Uveitis clinical trial for non-infectious uveitis

To evaluate the role of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) in visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with non-infectious uveitis.

Authors: Muhammad Hassan, Nam V. Nguyen, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Rubbia Afridi, Mohammad Ali Sadiq, Samendra Karkhur, Erin Vigil, Selen Karabekirogullari, Quan Dong Nguyen, Diana V. Do and Yasir J. Sepah

Vitreoretinal lymphoma followed by systemic diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Vitreoretinal lymphoma as the presenting diagnosis in association with a systemic lymphoma without central nervous system involvement is exceedingly rare, and the classification of this condition is not well-e...

Authors: Kenneth C. Fan, Kimberly D. Tran, J. William Harbour, Sander A. Dubovy, Nimesh A. Patel and Thomas A. Albini

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as a new diagnostic tool in uveitis

The broad spectrum of uveitis disorders requires a multimodal imaging approach in the daily practice of an ophthalmologist. As inflammatory conditions, they have in common an alteration in leukocyte migration....

Authors: Vita L. S. Dingerkus, Marion R. Munk, Max P. Brinkmann, Florentina J. Freiberg, Florian M. A. Heussen, Stephan Kinzl, Sandra Lortz, Selim Orgül and Matthias Becker

Tinea corporis infection manifestating as retinochoroiditis—an unusual presentation

Tinea corporis, a superficial dermatophyte, is a fungal infection of the body. Ocular involvement due to dermatophytes can present as eyelid infestation. Various cases of retinochoroiditis have been reported seco...

Authors: Manisha Agarwal, Chanda Gupta, Gaganjeet Singh Gujral and Mamta Mittal

Infectious endophthalmitis leading to evisceration: spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens and antibacterial susceptibility profile

To describe the spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens in cases of endophthalmitis requiring evisceration and report their antimicrobial susceptibilities.

Authors: Tarjani Vivek Dave, Vivek Pravin Dave, Savitri Sharma, Roshni Karolia, Joveeta Joseph, Avinash Pathengay, Rajeev R. Pappuru and Taraprasad Das

Secondary dengue retinitis with associated occlusive retinal vasculitis

Dengue is endemic in tropical countries. Secondary dengue infections are generally more dangerous as they lead to an exaggerated response in the patient due to the severe immunological response caused by antib...

Authors: Vikram Vinayak Koundanya, Neha Chowdhary, Manisha Agarwal and Prashant Katre

Non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy: multimodal testing characteristics of 13 cases

Non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (npAIR) is a rare autoimmune disease that primarily affects retinal photoreceptor function and results in profound and often times permanent vision loss. Delay in diag...

Authors: Saira Khanna, Aline Martins, Zackery Oakey and Mihai Mititelu

Unilateral endogenous Candida endophthalmitis after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for a renal stone in an immunocompetent woman: a case report

To report a case of endogenous Candida endophthalmitis that may cause catastrophic sight-threatening outcomes, after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in a healthy woman.

Authors: Mohammad Shirvani, Shahla Hosseini, Merhrnoosh Maalhagh, Mehrdad Afarid, Ali Mirza-Khanlooi and Sahar Mohaghegh

Evaluation of the etiology of persistent iritis after cataract surgery

The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with persistent iritis after cataract surgery to determine its incidence and risk factors. Adjusting the management of patients at risk could allow for a more...

Authors: Kristin Neatrour, Allison McAlpine, Timothy Brooks Owens, Rupal H. Trivedi and Lynn J. Poole Perry

Injectable 0.19-mg fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant for the treatment of non-infectious uveitic macular edema

A retrospective observational clinical study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the injectable 0.19-mg fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (ILUVIEN) in the treatment of non-infectious uveitic ...

Authors: Lea F. Weber, Stefanie Marx, Gerd U. Auffarth, Alexander F. Scheuerle, Tamer Tandogan, Christian Mayer and Ramin Khoramnia

The ghost of the great imitator: prognostic factors for poor outcome in syphilitic uveitis

Syphilitic uveitis is reemerging globally, may lead to any type of intraocular inflammation, and is potentially sight-threatening. We aim to characterize clinical features and prognostic factors in patients wi...

Authors: Rafael de Pinho Queiroz, Daniele Viana Inês, Felipe Telöken Diligenti, Victor Haygert Schnor, Jacobo Melamed, Wesley Ribeiro Campos and Daniel Vítor Vasconcelos-Santos

Blue light versus green light fundus autofluorescence in normal subjects and in patients with retinochoroidopathy secondary to retinal and uveitic diseases

The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in the fundus autofluorescence (FAF) signal between the blue light autofluorescence (BAF) from Spectralis® (Heidelberg, CA) and green light autofluorescence...

Authors: Millena Gomes Bittencourt, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Rubbia Afridi, Nam V. Nguyen, Carlos Plaza, Anh N. T. Tran, Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed, Quan Dong Nguyen and Yasir Jamal Sepah

Urinary β2-microglobulin and disease activity in patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome

Urinary β2-microglobulin (Uβ2M) is elevated in tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome and has emerged as an important diagnostic tool. This study aims to determine whether Uβ2M correlates wit...

Authors: Lorraine M. Provencher, Aaron M. Fairbanks, Michael D. Abramoff and Nasreen A. Syed

Laser flare photometry: a cost-effective method for early detection of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents

Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents is the most common intraocular procedure worldwide, inevitably causing more cases of post-injection endophthalmitis. The purpose of this...

Authors: Vânia Lages, Béatrice Gehrig and Carl P. Herbort Jr.

Syphilitic uveitis misdiagnosed as viral retinitis—a misleading history

Syphilitic uveitis is an infective uveitis and a great mimicker. Misdiagnosis can lead to delay in the specific treatment resulting in deterioration of uveitis and loss of vision.

Authors: Manisha Agarwal, Richa Ranjan, Lagan Paul and Deepa Sharma

Clinical presentations, management outcomes, and diagnostic dilemma in Kocuria endophthalmitis

To describe the clinical presentations and management outcomes of Kocuria endophthalmitis and discuss diagnostic dilemmas

Authors: Vivek Pravin Dave, Joveeta Joseph, Avinash Pathengay and Rajeev R. Pappuru

Atypical white dot syndrome with choriocapillaris ischemia in a patient with latent tuberculosis

White dot syndromes (WDS) are a group of idiopathic multifocal inflammatory conditions that can be recognized and distinguished by lesion morphology, other specific clinical features, imaging findings, and dis...

Authors: Sana Khochtali, Nesrine Abroug, Imen Ksiaa, Sourour Zina, Sonia Attia and Moncef Khairallah

Comparative in vitro effectiveness of a novel contact lens multipurpose solution on Acanthamoeba castellanii

A multipurpose contact lens cleaning solution (MPS) containing novel active ingredients under development was compared to two commercially available MPS solutions for effectiveness against Acanthamoeba isolates.

Authors: Alyssa C. Fears, Rebecca C. Metzinger, Stephanie Z. Killeen, Robert S. Reimers and Chad J. Roy

Acute multifocal retinitis: a retrospective review of 35 cases

Acute multifocal retinitis is a rare condition that has been considered to be often idiopathic. The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical features and causes of acute multifocal retinitis.

Authors: Sana Khochtali, Salma Gargouri, Sourour Zina, Imen Ksiaa, Nesrine Abroug, Sonia Zaouali, Bechir Jelliti, Sonia Attia and Moncef Khairallah

Discovery of tear biomarkers in children with chronic non-infectious anterior uveitis: a pilot study

Biomarkers in easily obtained specimens that accurately predict uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are needed. Aqueous humor has been studied for biomarkers, but is not routinely avai...

Authors: Sheila T. Angeles-Han, Steven Yeh, Purnima Patel, Duc Duong, Kirsten Jenkins, Kelly A. Rouster-Stevens, Mekibib Altaye, Ndate Fall, Sherry Thornton, Sampath Prahalad and Gary N. Holland

Swept-source OCT in patients with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome

Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) has a higher scanning rate and longer wavelength in comparison with spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT), allowing an improved imaging of retinal vascular plexuses an...

Authors: Felipe Pereira, Luiz H. Lima, Alexandre Gomes B. de Azevedo, Claudio Zett, Michel E. Farah and Rubens Belfort Jr

Filamentous gram-negative bacteria masquerading as actinomycetes in infectious endophthalmitis: a review of three cases

To report microbiological diagnostic dilemma posed by observation of unusual morphology of bacteria in the vitreous sample of a series of three cases of bacterial endophthalmitis.

Authors: Joveeta Joseph, Savitri Sharma and Vivek Pravin Dave

Endogenous endophthalmitis: a 9-year retrospective study at a tertiary referral hospital in Malaysia

The objective of this study was to determine the clinical presentation, systemic risk factors, source of infective microorganism, treatment outcomes, and prognostic indicators of endogenous endophthalmitis at ...

Authors: Rosiah Muda, Valarmathy Vayavari, Deivanai Subbiah, Hamisah Ishak, Azian Adnan and Shelina Oli Mohamed

An update on inflammatory choroidal neovascularization: epidemiology, multimodal imaging, and management

Inflammatory choroidal neovascular membranes are challenging to diagnose and manage. A number of uveitic entities may be complicated by the development of choroidal neovascularization leading to a decrease in ...

Authors: Aniruddha Agarwal, Alessandro Invernizzi, Rohan Bir Singh, William Foulsham, Kanika Aggarwal, Sabia Handa, Rupesh Agrawal, Carlos Pavesio and Vishali Gupta

Rituximab and bilateral HSV epithelial keratitis in a patient with mucous membrane pemphigoid

B cell depleting therapy is widely used for lymphoproliferative diseases and immune-mediated disorders, including mucous membrane pemphigoid. The latter is an autoimmune blistering disease affecting predominan...

Authors: W. Bernauer, S. Schuler and L. Borradori

Necrotising retinopathy-like lesions as a manifestation of ocular sarcoidosis

A 56-year-old Caucasian man presented with a 2-weeks history of decreased vision in the right eye. Vitritis, papillitis, cystoid macular oedema and inferior diffuse retinal infiltration were noticed. Extensive...

Authors: Florence Rasquin, Nacima Kisma and Laure Van Bol