Articles

The clinical spectrum of ocular bartonellosis: a retrospective study at a tertiary centre in Malaysia

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a systemic illness caused by the gram-negative bacillus, Bartonella henselea, which can occasionally involve the ocular structures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the vari...

Authors: Michele Shi-Ying Tey, Gayathri Govindasamy and Francesca Martina Vendargon

Increased incidence of glaucoma medication usage in middle-aged Australian males taking antiretroviral medication – a population-based study

To investigate a possible association between glaucoma and the use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV in the Australian population.

Authors: Wen-Shen Lee, Shaun Parsons, Dean Cugley, Sophie Rogers, Lyndell L. Lim and Anthony Hall

Occlusive retinal vasculitis and periphlebitis in Buerger’s disease: a case report

Authors: Ioannis S. Dimopoulos, Michael Dollin and Chloe C. Gottlieb

Ocular syphilis with optic disc neovascularization treated with bevacizumab evaluated by OCT angiography and electroretinography

We present our findings in an atypical case of ocular syphilis with optic disc neovascularization that was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and followed by multimodal imaging and electroretinography. A 29...

Authors: Gen Miura, Takayuki Baba, Marie Takeishi, Tomoaki Tatsumi, Hirotaka Yokouchi and Shuichi Yamamoto

Susac syndrome (Retino-cochleo-cerebral vasculitis), the ophthalmologist in the role of the whistleblower

Susac syndrome is a rare microangiopathy of suspected autoimmune origin affecting arteries of the retina, the cochlea and the brain. The aim of the study was to give a review of the disease entity and determin...

Authors: Ioannis Papasavvas, Barbara Teuchner and Carl Peter Herbort Jr

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and panuveitis: a case report

To report a patient with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) complicated by iridocyclitis and vitritis.

Authors: Kazuomi Mizuuchi, Wataru Saito, Kenichi Namba and Susumu Ishida

Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with endophthalmitis using conventional microbiologic techniques and whole genome sequencing

To demonstrate antibiotic susceptibility and genomic virulence factor profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with culture-confirmed endophthalmitis.

Authors: Jesse D. Sengillo, Jacob Duker, Maribel Hernandez, Jorge Maestre, Daniela Reyes-Capo, Annika Patel, Arjun Watane, Nimesh A. Patel, Nicolas A. Yannuzzi, Darlene Miller and Harry W. Flynn Jr

Incidence of uveitis and macular edema among patients taking fingolimod 0.5 mg for multiple sclerosis

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a higher incidence of uveitis compared with the general population. Fingolimod, a first line disease modifying drug used in multiple sclerosis, may cause macular edem...

Authors: Scott Joseph Sonne and Bradley Thomas Smith

Initial-onset acute and chronic recurrent stages are two distinctive courses of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

To describe distinctive stages of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease: initial-onset acute versus chronic recurrent disease.

Authors: Cristhian A. Urzua, Carl Herbort Jr, Rodrigo A. Valenzuela, Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar, Lourdes Arellanes-Garcia, Ariel Schlaen, Joyce Yamamoto and Carlos Pavesio

Non-medial infectious orbital cellulitis: etiology, causative organisms, radiologic findings, management and complications

Orbital cellulitis is an ophthalmic emergency, which is associated with vision-threatening adverse effects. The purpose of this study is investigating etiology, radiologic findings, management and complication...

Authors: Seyed Mohammad Bagher Abtahi, Masoomeh Eghtedari, Shahla Hosseini, Mohammad Shirvani, Atefeh Talebi, Nasrin Masihpoor, Sahar Mohaghegh, Anahid Hamidianjahromi and Mohammad Hosseini

COVID-19 and ocular implications: an update

COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is now pandemic all over the world. The purpose of this review is to highlight the possible ocular presentation of COVI...

Authors: Raffaele Nuzzi, Luigi Ludovico Carucci and Flavia Tripoli

Risk of eye infections in dental personnel and the need for its prevention: a case report

A lot of dentists and dental personnel are at high risk of contracting eye infections during operative procedures involving aerosols. As many may not be aware of it, they often ignore the precautions to be tak...

Authors: Ritvi Arvind and M. Roma

Acute bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis as an extra-hepatic manifestation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection: a case report

Anterior uveitis (AU) is the most common form of uveitis. The differential diagnosis of AU is broad, ranging from infectious etiologies to autoimmune causes. However, approximately half remain idiopathic. Infe...

Authors: Ali Azimi, Mohammad Shirvani, Shahla Hosseini, Vahid Bazojoo, Nasrin Masihpoor, Sahar Mohaghegh and Seyed Mohammad Sadeghi

Infectious endophthalmitis at a Philippine tertiary hospital: a ten-year retrospective study

Endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening disease characterized by marked progressive inflammation of the vitreous and/or aqueous humors. Limited information is currently available regarding endophthalmitis in th...

Authors: Victoria Grace Dimacali and Ruben Lim Bon Siong

Spontaneous hyphema associated with ocular syphilis

The purpose of this case series is to illustrate a novel presentation of ocular syphilis. Two cases of ocular syphilis presenting with spontaneous hyphema are described, demonstrating that spontaneous hyphema ...

Authors: Brent Deibert, Kellie Wark, Rocio Diaz and Christopher Blodi

Long-term prophylaxis in an immunocompetent patient with Cytomegalovirus retinitis: a case report and review of literature

Cytomegalovirus retinitis is an infectious sight-threatening condition that usually occurs in immunosuppressed individuals, but rare cases of Cytomegalovirus retinitis have been reported in immunocompetent pat...

Authors: Seyed Ali Tabatabaei, Kasra Cheraqpour, Elias Khalili Pour and Bahram Bohrani Sefidan

Sympathetic Ophthalmia Two Weeks After 23-Gauge Vitrectomy

Authors: Bahaeddin B.E. EL Khatib, Menka S.M.P. Patel, Alexander A.H. Hacopian, Monica M.D. Dalal, H. Nida H.N.S. Sen and Marena M.P. Patronas

Treatment of presumed Nocardia endophthalmitis and subretinal abscess with serial intravitreal amikacin injections and pars plana vitrectomy

A 64-year-old man with a past medical history of liver transplantation on chronic immunosuppressive therapy presented with gradual worsening of vision over 2 months in his right eye. His recent history of Aspergi...

Authors: Sara L. Hojjatie, Sherveen S. Salek, William A. Pearce, Jill R. Wells and Steven Yeh

Unilateral acute anterior uveitis is associated with ipsilateral changes in the tear fluid proteome that involves the LXR/RXR pathway

To determine whether unilateral acute anterior uveitis (AAU) induces ipsilateral changes in the tear fluid proteome.

Authors: Jon Roger Eidet, Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad, Ida G. Fostad, Ole K. Olstad, Ragnhild Ø. Sørland, Morten C. Moe, Goran Petrovski and Milaim Pepaj

A review of ocular adverse events of biological anti-TNF drugs

The recent introduction of biological agents has revolutionized the treatment of chronic immune-inflammatory diseases; however, this new therapy did not come without significant side effects.

Authors: Fernanda Nicolela Susanna and Carlos Pavesio

Concurrent presence of retinal hemorrhages in the setting of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome - an unusual presentation

Authors: Sowkath Ali, Hnin Hnin Oo, Rupesh Agarwal and Peh Khaik Khee

Acute macular neuroretinopathy with coexistent central retinal vein occlusion as the presenting feature in intraocular tuberculosis

To report a case of intraocular tuberculosis presenting as acute macular neuroretinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion.

Authors: Ramesh Venkatesh, Sajjan Sangai, Arpitha Pereira, Padmamalini Mahendradas and Naresh Kumar Yadav

In vitro Susceptibilities of Methicillin-Susceptible and Resistant Staphylococci to Traditional Antibiotics Compared to a Novel Fluoroquinolone

To assess the in-vitro efficacy of delafloxacin, a new fourth generation fluoroquinolone, against Staphylococcus vitreous isolates from patients with clinically diagnosed endophthalmitis. This is the first invest...

Authors: Kenneth C. Fan, James Lin, Nicolas A. Yannuzzi, Hasenin Al-Khersan, Nimesh A. Patel, Jorge Maestre-Mesa, Mustafa Zaidi, Darlene Miller and Harry W. Flynn Jr

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion as a presenting sign of Acute Retinal Necrosis: a rare association

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a potentially blinding necrotizing viral retinitis. It starts with one or more foci and spreads circumferentially and involves the posterior pole in the later stages. Vascular o...

Authors: Manisha Agarwal, Chanda Gupta, Abhishek Jain and Brajesh Kumar

Utility of wound cultures in the management of open globe injuries: a 5-year retrospective review

Endophthalmitis after open globe injury can be devastating to vision recovery. As treatment of endophthalmitis is often empiric, some surgeons may obtain cultures at presentation of trauma in anticipation of l...

Authors: Ryan T. Drumright, Kathleen A. Regan, Albert L. Lin, Meghan G. Moroux and Siva S. R. Iyer

Automated measurement of leakage on wide-field angiography in the assessment of retinal vasculitis

Automated analysis of leakage on fluorescein angiography is a measurable and clinically applicable endpoint that can be used to follow patients with posterior uveitis. A number of studies have analyzed the use...

Authors: Arthi G. Venkat and Sumit Sharma

Severe visual impairment due to an optic neuropathy and central retinal vein occlusion in a sarcoidosis patient

The ophthalmic manifestation of neurosarcoidosis is varied. The complication of optic neuropathy and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is rare in sarcoidosis.

Authors: Miki Hiraoka

Characterization of cyclitic membranes by ultrabiomicroscopy in patients with pars planitis

In previous studies, authors use ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to analyze the characteristics of cyclitic membranes and the associated complications in patients with pars planitis. However, there are no repor...

Authors: Luz Elena Concha del Río, Gonzalo Alejandro Duarte González, Mariana Mayorquín Ruiz and Lourdes Arellanes-García

Necrotic scleral melt and fungal keratitis—a complication of subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection

Subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection (STAI) is a safe drug delivery method for various ocular conditions. We report two cases of necrotic scleral melt, a rare complication of STAI.

Authors: Manisha Agarwal, Richa Ranjan and Umang Mathur

Bilateral corneal perforation and iris prolapse as a complication non-peripheral ulcerative keratitis in a patient with fulminant granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report

Authors: Andrés Vargas-Villanueva, Natalia Carvajal-Saiz, Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz and Alejandra de-la-Torre

Ozurdex (dexamethasone intravitreal implant) for the treatment of intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis: a systematic review of the current evidence

This study aims to determine if the intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX implant, Ozurdex; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California) is effective for treating intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis as a monother...

Authors: Saanwalshah Samir Saincher and Chloe Gottlieb

Topographic correlation between multifocal electroretinography, microperimetry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy

To correlate the findings of retinal function with multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), microperimetry (MP), and structural assessments with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in topographi...

Authors: Rubbia Afridi, Aniruddha Agarwal, Nam V. Nguyen, Muhammad Hassan, Mohammad Ali Sadiq, Quan Dong Nguyen and Yasir J. Sepah

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis: review article

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is an ocular infectious disease that can lead to severe visual impairment and blindness. It usually occurs in healthy young individuals and depending on the st...

Authors: Thiago José Muniz Machado Mazzeo, Mario Martins dos Santos Motta and André Luiz Land Curi

Tuberculous scleritis in a young Asian Indian girl—a case presentation and literature review

Scleritis is the severe painful inflammation of the sclera, which can be infectious or non-infectious. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the common causes of infectious scleritis. TB, though endemic in countries lik...

Authors: Lagan Paul, Manisha Agarwal, Shalini Singh, Prashant Katre and Aman Sumeet Arora

Optical coherence tomography angiography in uveitis

Before the introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the early 2000s, dye-based angiography was considered the “gold standard” for the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular inflammation. ...

Authors: Paris Tranos, Evdoxia-Maria Karasavvidou, Olga Gkorou and Carlos Pavesio

Does ophthalmic-grade silicone oil possess antimicrobial properties?

To test the antimicrobial properties of silicon oil (Aurosil 1000 cSt, Aurosil Plus 5000 cSt) on in vitro growth of common microorganisms causing endophthalmitis.

Authors: Vivek Pravin Dave, Joveeta Joseph, Priyanka Jayabhasker, Rajeev Reddy Pappuru, Avinash Pathengay and Taraprasad Das

Interleukin-6 inhibition in the management of non-infectious uveitis and beyond

Uveitis consists of a spectrum of inflammatory disorders characterized by ocular inflammation. The underlying pathophysiology consists of a complex interplay of various inflammatory pathways. Interleukin 6 is ...

Authors: Samendra Karkhur, Murat Hasanreisoglu, Erin Vigil, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Muhammad Hassan, Carlos Plaza, Nam V. Nguyen, Rubbia Afridi, Anh T. Tran, Diana V. Do, Yasir J. Sepah and Quan Dong Nguyen

Paradoxical reactions in ocular tuberculosis

Paradoxical reactions following initiation of anti-tubercular therapy have been documented most often in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A combination of factors such as delayed hypersensitivity, decreased suppre...

Authors: Sudha K. Ganesh, Sharanya Abraham and Sridharan Sudharshan

The broad spectrum of application of optical coherence tomography angiography to the anterior segment of the eye in inflammatory conditions: a review of the literature

With an increased number of papers on how to interpret optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in uveitis, the aim of this review is to assess its efficacy for the quantitative monitoring of s...

Authors: Francesco Pichi, Philipp Roberts and Piergiorgio Neri

Bilateral viral keratitis following corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus

Corneal collagen crosslinking has been proven to be a useful technique to slow the progression of keratoconus. With its increasing use, we are encountering rare complications. We describe a case that developed...

Authors: Sanjeeta Sitaula, Sanjay K. Singh and Anil Gurung

Optimising graft survival in endothelial keratoplasty for endothelial failure secondary to cytomegalovirus endotheliitis

There is limited information regarding Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) for endothelial failure secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) endotheliitis. Treatment is difficult with high r...

Authors: Milton C. Chew, Donald T. Tan, Soon-Phaik Chee and Lim Li

Experience of using adalimumab in treating sight-threatening paediatric or adolescent Behcet’s disease-related uveitis

To report the clinical outcomes of adalimumab in treating refractory Behcet’s disease (BD)-related uveitis in paediatric or adolescent patients.

Authors: Mary Ho, Li Jia Chen, Helena P. Y. Sin, Lawrence P. L. Iu, Marten Brelen, Assunta C. H. Ho, Timothy Y. Y. Lai and Alvin L. Young

Therapy-resistant dry itchy eyes

An 8 years old male presented to our clinic with dry eye symptomes. Different therapiy attemps were made in the last few months and did not lead to any improvement. Examining this patient revealed multiple sig...

Authors: Rima Wardeh, Volker Besgen and Walter Sekundo

Effect of vitreomacular adhesion on the treatment outcomes in the STOP-Uveitis clinical trial for non-infectious uveitis

To evaluate the role of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) in visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with non-infectious uveitis.

Authors: Muhammad Hassan, Nam V. Nguyen, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Rubbia Afridi, Mohammad Ali Sadiq, Samendra Karkhur, Erin Vigil, Selen Karabekirogullari, Quan Dong Nguyen, Diana V. Do and Yasir J. Sepah

Vitreoretinal lymphoma followed by systemic diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Vitreoretinal lymphoma as the presenting diagnosis in association with a systemic lymphoma without central nervous system involvement is exceedingly rare, and the classification of this condition is not well-e...

Authors: Kenneth C. Fan, Kimberly D. Tran, J. William Harbour, Sander A. Dubovy, Nimesh A. Patel and Thomas A. Albini

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as a new diagnostic tool in uveitis

The broad spectrum of uveitis disorders requires a multimodal imaging approach in the daily practice of an ophthalmologist. As inflammatory conditions, they have in common an alteration in leukocyte migration....

Authors: Vita L. S. Dingerkus, Marion R. Munk, Max P. Brinkmann, Florentina J. Freiberg, Florian M. A. Heussen, Stephan Kinzl, Sandra Lortz, Selim Orgül and Matthias Becker

Tinea corporis infection manifestating as retinochoroiditis—an unusual presentation

Tinea corporis, a superficial dermatophyte, is a fungal infection of the body. Ocular involvement due to dermatophytes can present as eyelid infestation. Various cases of retinochoroiditis have been reported seco...

Authors: Manisha Agarwal, Chanda Gupta, Gaganjeet Singh Gujral and Mamta Mittal

Infectious endophthalmitis leading to evisceration: spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens and antibacterial susceptibility profile

To describe the spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens in cases of endophthalmitis requiring evisceration and report their antimicrobial susceptibilities.

Authors: Tarjani Vivek Dave, Vivek Pravin Dave, Savitri Sharma, Roshni Karolia, Joveeta Joseph, Avinash Pathengay, Rajeev R. Pappuru and Taraprasad Das

Secondary dengue retinitis with associated occlusive retinal vasculitis

Dengue is endemic in tropical countries. Secondary dengue infections are generally more dangerous as they lead to an exaggerated response in the patient due to the severe immunological response caused by antib...

Authors: Vikram Vinayak Koundanya, Neha Chowdhary, Manisha Agarwal and Prashant Katre

Non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy: multimodal testing characteristics of 13 cases

Non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (npAIR) is a rare autoimmune disease that primarily affects retinal photoreceptor function and results in profound and often times permanent vision loss. Delay in diag...

Authors: Saira Khanna, Aline Martins, Zackery Oakey and Mihai Mititelu