Table 1 Infectious etiology of corneal ring infiltrate (CRI)
Group of disorders | Species | Key differences |
|---|---|---|
Bacteria- Gram-positive | Staphylococcus Streptococcus Bacillus cereus Listeria monocytogenes Nocardia | - 4% prevalence - early presence (24-48 h from inoculation) - associated hypopyon, hyperemia, epithelial defect, decreased vision) - mainly Gram-negative and mixed infections |
Bacteria- Gram-negative | Pseudomonas Moraxella Serratia Neisseria Klebsiella Escherichia Proteus Mycobacterium Capnocytophaga Microsporidium | |
Fungi | Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus niger Fusarium Acremonium | - 1–25% prevalence - yellow or creamy-white - coexistence of patchy, stromal infiltrate - long-lasting (presents till day 7, persists to at least 1 month) |
Viruses | Herpes simplex Varicella zoster | |
Acanthamoeba | Various Acanthamoeba subspecies | - 30% of cases - presents late (on average 7–14 days from infections’ origin) - greyish - 9–11 times more often than in fungal origin |
others | Infectious crystalline keratopathy (Streptococcus mitus) |