Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with scleritis from Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study (OASIS) database

Mean age ± SD (years)

48.6 ± 15.9

Range

16–83

 Male

52 (43.3%)

 Female

68 (56.7%)

Bilaterality

37 (30.8%)

 Chinese

83 (69.2%)

 Indian

15 (11.7%)

 Malay

14 (11.7%)

 Others

8 (6.7%)

Ocular complications (any)

64 (53.3%)

 Anterior uveitis

51 (42.5%)

 Corneal involvement (ulceration, keratitis)

14 (11.7%)

 Ocular hypertension

15 (12.5%)

 Cystoid macular edema

3 (2.5%)

 Exudative retinal detachment

5 (4.2%)

 Optic disc swelling

3 (2.5%)

 Autoimmune

31 (25.8%)

  Rheumatoid arthritis

9 (7.5%)

  Granulomatosis with polyangitis

5 (4.2%)

  Relapsing polychondritis

4 (3.3%)

  Sjogren’s syndrome

4 (3.3%)

  Psoriatic arthropathy

2 (1.7%)

  Systemic lupus erythematosus

1 (0.8%)

  Behcet’s disease

1 (0.8%)

  Churg-Strauss syndrome

1 (0.8%)

  Ulcerative colitis

1 (0.8%)

  Takayasu’s arteritis

1 (0.8%)

  Non-specific autoimmune disease

1 (0.8%)

  Orbital inflammatory syndrome

1 (0.8%)

Other non-autoimmune systemic:

2 (1.7%)

 Myelodysplastic syndrome

1 (0.8%)

 Polyclonal gammopathy

1 (0.8%)

Presumed infectious association

10 (8.3%)

 TB T-spot positive

5 (4.2%)

 Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

2 (1.7%)

 Herpes simplex viral keratitis

1 (0.8%)

 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1 (0.8%)

 Hansen’s disease

1 (0.8%)

Recurrence

20 (16.7%)

 Topical steroids

114 (95.0%)

  Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

63 (47.3%)

  Oral corticosteroids

64 (53.3%)

  Systemic immunosuppressant (any)

32 (26.7%)

  Azathioprine

16 (13.3%)

  Methotrexate

11 (9.2%)

 Mycophenolate mofetil

6 (5.0%)

 Sulphasalazine

6 (5.0%)

  Cyclosporine

4 (3.3%)

  Cyclophosphamide

4 (3.3%)

  Tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist (infliximab)

2 (1.7%)