Table 3 Summary of study details, clinical features, pathogen and method of identification of SRA with systemic foci
From: Subretinal abscess: causative pathogens, clinical features and management
S/N | Study | Year | Country | N of patients | Laterality | Sex | Age | Type of SRA | Co-morbidities | Systemic infective process | Causative pathogen | Method of identification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Manor, Ophthalmologica | 1965 | Israel | 1 | LE | F | 49 | Pre-papillary abscess + EE | mitralic valve stenosis | bacterial endophthalmitis | not isolated | – |
2 | Davidson, Trans Am Ac Ophthalmol | 1967 | USA | 1 | LE | M | 46 | SRA + EE | liver gallstones | lung infection | Nocardia Asteroides | enucleated eye |
3 | Fleming, Can J Ophthalmol | 1972 | USA | 1 | BE | M | 10 months | SRA (vitreous not described) | congenital small bowel atresia, deficit of growth | UTI, lung abscess | Candida A. | blood lung |
4 | Naidoff, Am J Ophthalmol | 1975 | USA | 1 | LE | M | 26 | SRA + EE | renal transplant | pneumonia, brain abscess | Aspergillus Fumigatus | lung vitreous |
5 | Hiss, Ophthalmology | 1988 | USA | 1 | RE | M | 63 | SRA + EE | DM, HBP, angina, chronic renal failure, anemia, polyarteritis nodosa | meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis | Criptococcus Neoformans | SRA cerebro-spinal fluid |
6 | Mamalis, Ann Ophthalmol | 1988 | USA | 1 | LE | M | 44 | SRA + EE | cardiac transplant | nocardiosis with testicular abscess | Nocardia Asteroides | testis |
7 | Gregor, Retina | 1989 | USA | 1 | RE | M | 46 | SRA | cardiac transplant | nocardiosis with brain abscess | Nocardia Asteroides | SRA |
8 | Coll, Retina | 1994 | USA | 1 | RE | M | 44 | choroidal abscess | DM, heroin use | endocarditis, toe cellulitis | S. aureus | blood toe |
9 | Webber, British J Ophthalmol | 1995 | UK | 1 | RE | M | 23 | SRA + EE | lung transplant | systemic | Pseudomonas A. | sputum SRA |
10 | Biswas, Retina | 1995 | India | 2 | RE | F | 42 | SRA + EE | sarcoidosis | lung TB | Mycobacterium TB | vitreous |
RE | F | 58 | SRA + EE | DM | systemic TB | Mycobacterium TB | acqueous | |||||
11 | Jolly, Arch Ophthalmol | 1996 | Canada | 1 | RE | F | 40 | SRA + EE | renal transplant | systemic | Nocardia Asteroides | lung |
12 | Yarng, Ophthal Surg Las Im | 1997 | Taiwan | 1 | LE | M | 39 | SRA + EE | none | liver abscess | Klebsiella P. | blood liver vitreous |
13 | Rimpel, British J Ophthalmol | 1999 | USA | 1 | LE | M | 56 | SRA | multiple myeloma | endocharditis, brain septic emboli | Streptococcus Viridans | blood vitreous |
14 | Lakosha, Retina | 2000 | Canada | 1 | RE | M | 41 | SRA | chronic myeloid leukemia | subcutaneous abscess | Nocardia Farcinica | subcutaneous abscess |
15 | Harris, Am J Ophthalmol | 2000 | USA | 1 | RE | M | 32 | SRA + EE | beta-thalassemia major | liver and kidney abscess | Klebsiella P. | liver blood |
16 | Costen, Eye | 2001 | UK | 1 | BE | F | 68 | SRA + EE | none | meningitis, sepsis | Streptococcus Pyogenes | blood |
17 | Yao, Eur J Pediatr | 2001 | Taiwan | 1 | LE | F | 14 | SRA + EE | beta-thalassemia major | pneumonia, mastoiditis | Klebsiella P. | external auricular canal |
18 | Yoon, Retina | 2003 | Korea | 2 | Unilateral, side NA | M | 41 | SRA + EE | DM | liver abscess | Klebsiella P. | vitreous, blood, liver |
BE | M | 47 | SRA + EE | DM | liver abscess | Klebsiella P. | blood, liver | |||||
19 | Bozbeyoglu, Retina | 2004 | Turkey | 1 | LE | M | 46 | choroidal abscess (vitreous not described) | renal transplant | nocardiosis with brain and lung abscess | Nocardia Asteroides | SRA blood |
20 | Shah, Indian J Ophthalmol | 2004 | India | 1 | BE | F | 23 | SRA + EE | none | genito-urinary tract | Candida A. | vitreous vagina |
21 | Wjjesekera, Eye | 2004 | UK | 1 | LE | M | 75 | SRA + EE | post TB bronchiectasis | chronic brochial colonization | Pseudomonas A. | SRA |
22 | Motley, Retina | 2005 | USA | 1 | LE | M | 25 | choroidal abscess + EE | cystic fibrosis | lung infection on cystic fibrosis reacutization | Pseudomonas A. | SRA vitreous sputum |
23 | Yu, Am J Neurorad | 2005 | Canda | 1 | LE | F | 41 | SRA + EE | bone marrow transplant | systemic | Nocardia Asteroides | skin |
24 | Rafiei, Europ J Ophthalmol | 2005 | USA | 1 | LE | M | 61 | SRA + EE | idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura | systemic | Nocardia Asteroides | bronchus skin |
25 | Dodds, Ocul Imm Inflamm | 2006 | Argentina | 1 | LE | F | 26 | SRA + EE | SLE | lung, brain, cerebellum abscesses | Nocardia Farcinica | SRA |
26 | Yang, Ophthalmol | 2007 | Taiwan | 1 | Unilateral, side NA | M | 48 | SRA + EE | DM | liver abscess | Klebsiella P. | blood liver |
27 | Contreras, Ret Cas Brief Rep | 2007 | Spain | 1 | BE | M | 24 | SRA + EE | acute myeloid leukemia, graft versus host disease | sepsis | Candida A. | blood central catheter |
28 | Christoforidis, Ret Cas Brief Rep | 2007 | USA | 1 | RE | F | 56 | SRA + EE | DM, nephrolithiasis, peptic ulcer | kidney abscess | Klebsiella P. | blood vitreous |
29 | Li, Int Ophthalmol | 2008 | China | 1 | RE | M | 75 | choroidal abscess + EE | bronchiectasis | pneumonia | Pseudomonas A. | enucleated eye sputum |
30 | Jones, Eye | 2010 | UK | 1 | LE | F | 32 | SRA | bone marrow transplant (aplastic anemia) | brain, lung liver abscesses | Nocardia Asteroides | lymph node lung |
31 | Trigui, Int Ophthalmol | 2011 | Tunisia | 1 | LE | M | 27 | SRA + EE | DM | sepsis | S. aureus | skin |
32 | Eschle-Meniconi, Surv Ophthalmol | 2011 | Switzerland | 1 | LE | M | 78 | SRA + EE | prostate ca, Hodgkin lymphoma | brain multiple abscesses, UTI | Nocardia Asteroides | SRA |
33 | Gupta, Ret Cas Brief Rep | 2012 | USA | 1 | LE | M | 89 | chorio-retinal abscess + EE | colon ca, prostate ca, HBP | soft tissue | Pseudomonas A. | conjunctiva blood |
34 | Peeler, J Neuro-ophthalmol | 2013 | USA | 2 | BE | M | 16 | SRA + EE | none | sepsis with CNS infacrtions | S. aureus | blood, skin, perichardial fluid, hip |
RE | F | 62 | SRA + EE | necrotizing pancreatitis | entero-cutaneous fistula, brain abscess | Bacillus | blood | |||||
35 | Eisenberg, Ret Cas Brief Rep | 2014 | USA | 1 | RE | M | 40 | SRA | acute myeloid leukemia | systemic | Nocardia Asteroides | skin |
36 | Arai, Clin Ophthalmol | 2014 | Japan | 1 | BE | M | 64 | SRA (vitreous not described) | rheumatoid arthritis, rectal ca, pericarditis | pneumonia | Candida A. | exenteratio |
37 | Siu, BMJ Cas Rep | 2015 | China | 1 | LE | M | 43 | SRA | DM | liver abscess | Klebsiella P. | blood |
38 | Shetty, Indian J Ophthalmol | 2015 | India | 1 | LE | F | 33 | SRA | none | lung TB | Mycobacterium TB | a |
39 | Silva, Retina | 2015 | USA | 3 | RE | M | 45 | SRA | acute lymphoblastic leukemia | pneumonia | Nocardia Cyriacigeorgica | SRA |
LE | F | 51 | SRA + EE | SLE | systemic | Nocardia Farcinica | SRA | |||||
LE | F | 21 | SRA | IgA nephropathy | lung abscess | Nocardia Farcinica | SRA | |||||
40 | Won Jin, Optom Vis Sci | 2015 | Korea | 1 | BE | M | 59 | SRA + EE | none | prostate abscess | Klebsiella P. | vitreous |
41 | Richards, Clin Exp Ophthalmol | 2015 | Australia | 1 | BE | M | 80 | SRA + EE | DM, previous syphilis, hepatitis B | liver and cerebral abscesses | Nocardia Beijingensis | SRA |
42 | Tsai, BMC Ophthalmol | 2015 | Taiwan | 1 | LE | M | 56 | SRA + EE | DM | liver and subdural abscess | not isolated | |
43 | Kamath, BMK | 2016 | India | 1 | RE | M | 28 | SRA + EE | TB, DM | muscle abscess | Mycobacterium TB | muscle |
44 | Schlaenm Ret Cas Brief Rep | 2016 | Argentina | 1 | RE | M | 47 | SRA + EE | acute myeloid leukemia | sepsis | Fusarium Solani | vitreous |
45 | Venkatesh, Int J Ret Vitr | 2016 | India | 1 | LE | F | 30 | SRA + EE | none | cellulitis | not isolated | – |
46 | Soria, Cas Rep Ophthalmol | 2016 | Argentina | 1 | LE | M | 24 | SRA (vitreous not described) | none | miliary TB | Mycobacterium TB | lymph node |
47 | Martel, J Fran Ophtalmol | 2017 | France | 1 | LE | M | 60 | SRA + EE | DM | liver and UTI | Klebsiella P. | blood urine |
48 | Ganesh, Indian J Ophthalmol | 2017 | India | 1 | BE | M | 37 | SRA + EE | none | lung TB | Mycobacterium TB | vitreous |
49 | Kimura, Cas Rep Ophthal | 2017 | Japan | 1 | BE | M | 62 | SRA + EE | hepatitis, liver abscess, spondylosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation | Klebsiella P. | liver abscess blood | |
50 | Boonsopon, J Med Cas Rep | 2017 | Thailand | 1 | RE | F | 29 | SRA + EE | HIV | lung TB | Mycobacterium TB | conjunctiva |
51 | Pittenger, BMJ | 2017 | USA | 1 | RE | M | 32 | SRA (vitreous not described) | IV drug use | endocharditis | S. aureus | blood |
52 | Fortun, Ophthal Surg Las | 2017 | USA | 7 | RE | F | 14 | SRA | healthy | myositis, ostemyelitis | S. aureus (all) | blood |
BE | M | 32 | SRA + EE | HIV | cellulitis | skin | ||||||
LE | M | 47 | SRA + EE | DM | cellulitis, osteomyelitis | toe | ||||||
RE | M | 78 | SRA + EE | DM | cellulitis | sacral abscess | ||||||
BE | F | 62 | SRA + EE | breast ca | sepsis | blood | ||||||
BE | M | 64 | SRA + EE | DM | ostemyelitis | finger | ||||||
BE | F | 51 | SRA + EE | DM | paraspinal abscess, | blood | ||||||
53 | Oduard, Clin Exp Ophthalmol | 2017 | Australia | 2 | RE | M | 58 | SRA + EE | DM, HBP, hypercholesterolemia | hepatic abscess | Klebsiella P. | blood, liver |
BE | M | 51 | SRA + EE | hypercholesterolemia | hepatic abscess | Klebsiella P. | liver, urine | |||||
54 | Pappuru, Int Ophthalmol | 2017 | India | 1 | LE | F | 26 | SRA | none | lung TB | Mycobacterium TB | a |
55 | Bendhe, J Ophthal Inflamm Infect | 2017 | India | 1 | LE | M | 74 | SRA + EE | DM | UTI, septicemia | Roseomonas mucosa | SRA |
56 | Dutta-Majumder, Ocul Imm Inflamm | 2018 | India | 12 | Unilateral, side NA | F | 25 | SRA + EE | healthy | TB | Mycobacterium TB (all) | acqueous |
Unilateral, side NA | M | 14 | SRA + EE | lung TB | lung TB | acqueous | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | M | 45 | SRA + EE | healthy | TB | acqueous, vitreous | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | M | 22 | SRA + EE | lung TB | lung TB | a | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | M | 23 | SRA + EE | lung TB | lung TB | a | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | M | 15 | SRA + EE | healthy | lung TB | acqueous | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | F | 26 | SRA + EE | lung TB | lung TB | vitreous | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | F | 17 | SRA + EE | lung TB | lung TB | vitreous | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | F | 19 | SRA + EE | healthy | TB | acqueous | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | M | 29 | SRA + EE | healthy | TB | acqueous, vitreous | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | M | 62 | SRA + EE | healthy | lung TB | a | ||||||
Unilateral, side NA | F | 60 | SRA + EE | healthy | lung TB | a | ||||||
57 | Harvey, BMJ Cas rep | 2018 | UK | 1 | LE | M | 26 | SRA + EE | DM | sepsis, muscle abscess | S. aureus | blood |
58 | Prajapati, BMJ Cas Rep | 2018 | UK | 1 | RE | M | – | SRA + EE | HIV | glomerulonephritis, sepsis | S. aureus | blood |
59 | Zafar, BMC Res Not | 2018 | Pakistan | 1 | RE | F | 32 | SRA + EE | none | vaginal infection | Candida A. | vitreous |
60 | Chawla, Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol | 2018 | India | 1 | BE | M | 47 | SRA + EE | none | lung TB | Mycobacterium TB | cervical lymph node |
61 | Puri, Am J Ophthalmol | 2018 | USA | 1 | RE | F | 49 | SRA + EE | bullous pemphigoid | systemic | Nocardia Farcinica | brain |
62 | Xu, BMC Ophthalmol | 2018 | China | 1 | LE | M | 58 | SRA + EE | DM, nephrotic syndrome | pneumonia with lung abscess | Nocardia | blood sputum |
63 | Tran, Clin Exp Ophthal | 2019 | Australia | 1 | LE | M | 37 | SRA + EE | Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | systemic | Nocardia Farcinica | brain |
64 | Scavelli, Am J Cas Rep | 2019 | USA | 1 | LE | F | 25 | SRA + EE | SLE | systemic | Nocardia Farcinica | blood |
65 | Manoharam, JRSM Open | 2019 | UK | 1 | LE | M | 41 | SRA + EE | chronic pancreatitis, vitamin D deficiency | splenic abscess, sepsis | Proteus Mirabilis, Enterococcus Faecium, E. coli | blood |
66 | Mohd-Ilham, Cureus | 2019 | Malaysia | 1 | RE | F | 39 | SRA + EE | DM, recurrent UTI | Pyelonephritis, sepsis | Klebsiella P. | blood |
67 | Angermann, Ocul Imm Inflamm | 2019 | Austria | 1 | LE | M | 56 | SRA + EE | brain astrocytoma | systemic | Nocardia Cyriacigeorgica | vitreous SRA |
68 | Dogra, Ocul Imm Inflamm | 2020 | India | 1 | LE | M | 48 | SRA + EE | hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis | UTI | Klebsiella P. | urine vitreous |
69 | Yiesiltas, Ocular Imm Inflamm | 2020 | Turkey | 1 | LE | M | 40 | SRA + EE | none | onychomycosis | Candida A. | vitreous |
70 | Shen, Retina | 2020 | Canada | 1 | RE | M | 28 | SRA (vitreous not described) | IV drug use | Endocarditis, lung septic emboli, MRSA bacteremia | Klebsiella P. | blood |
71 | Hojjatie, J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect | 2020 | USA | 1 | RE | M | 64 | SRA + EE | liver transplant | pneumonia | Nocardia Farcinica | BAL |
72 | Vamsidhar, J R Coll Physicians Edinb | 2020 | India | 1 | BE | M | 31 | SRA (vitreous not described) | none | systemic | S. aureus | blood muscle |
73 | Lim, Case Rep Ophthalmol Med | 2020 | Korea | 2 | LE | F | 50 | SRA + EE | DM | liver abscess | Klebsiella P. | blood, liver |
RE | F | 62 | SRA + EE | DM | liver abscess | not isolated | – | |||||
74 | Nair, Indian J Ophthalmol | 2020 | India | 1 | RE | M | 25 | SRA + EE | none | systemic | Mycobacterium TB | lung |
75 | Kapoor, Indian J Ophthalmol | 2020 | India | 1 | LE | F | 80 | SRA + EE | DM, HBP | perinephric abscess | not isolated | – |
76 | Malik, BMJ Cas Rep | 2020 | Pakistan | 1 | RE | M | 50 | SRA + EE | demyelinating polyneuropathy | systemic | Nocardia | blood BAL |
77 | Fan, Ret Cas Brief Rep | 2020 | USA | 1 | LE | M | 46 | SRA + EE | none | liver and splenic abscess | Klebsiella P. | vitreous |
78 | Cunha, Ret Cas Brief Rep | 2021 | Portugal | 1 | LE | M | 50 | SRA | lung silicosis | systemic | Nocardia Abscessus | bronchus |