From: Subretinal abscess: causative pathogens, clinical features and management
S/N | Study | Pathogen | Initial VA (logMAR) | Final VA (logMAR) | Treatment | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Wilmarth, Annal Ophthal | Aspergillus Fumigatus | 1.9 | – | - intravenous amphotericin - intravitreal amphotericin - vitrectomy + lensectomy - enucleation | enucleated |
2 | Halperin, Arch Ophthal | Aspergillu Flavus | 1.9 | 1.9 | vitrectomy + SRA drainage | same VA |
3 | Shields, Retina | not isolated | 2.7 | – | enucleation | enucleated |
not isolated | N/A | – | enucleation | enucleated | ||
4 | Garg, Retina | Moraxella spp | 2.3 | 0.6 | - vitrectomy + lensectomy - intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime - intravenous vancomycin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone | better VA |
5 | Huynh, Ret Cas Brief Rep | Candida A. | 0.3; 0.3 | 0; 0 | - LE vitrectomy + SRA drainage oral voriconazole - RE 2 intravitreal amphotericin - LE 2nd vitrectomy | BE better VA |
6 | Kanuraki, Int Ophthalmol | Candida A. | 0 | 2.3 | - Systemic acetylspiramycin and levofloxacin - vitrectomy + cataract + SRA drainage + silicone oil + intralesional fluconazole and imipenem - vitrectomy + silicone oil + antifungals - vitrectomy + scleral encircling + membrane removal + silicone oil + antifungals - intravitreal amphotericin - intravenous fluconazole | worse VA |
7 | Anderson, Ret Cas Brief Rep | Acanthamoeba | 1.3 | 1.3 | - systemic ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and fluconazole - vitrectomy + intravitreal vancomyin, ceftazidime and amphotericin - 2nd vitrectomy + SRA drainage - systemic amphotericin, fluconazole, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, rifampin | same VA |
8 | Matthews, Indian J Ophthalmol | phaeohyphomycosis | 0.2 | 1.5 | - topical prednisolone and cyclopentolate - pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + clindamycin - vitrectomy - SRA biopsy + silicone oil - oral voriconazole - 2nd, 3rd and 4th vitrectomy - intravitreal amphotericin | worse VA |
9 | Panigrahi, Indian J Ophthalmol | Aspergillus Terreus | 2.7 | 2.7 | - vitrectomy + intravitreal vancomicin, ceftazidime, voriconazole - 6 x intravitreal voriconazole - 2nd vitrectomy + endolaser + silicone oil - oral voriconazole | same VA |
10 | Silva, Retina | Nocardia Asteroides | 1.9 | 1.9 | - intravitreal ganciclovir - oral acyclovir, azithromycin and valganciclovir - 1st vitrectomy - 2nd vitrectomy + retinotomy + SRA biopsy + silicone oil - oral TMP-SMX - 2 x intravitreal amikacin - enucleation | same VA |
Nocardia Asteroides | 0.3 | – | enucleated | |||
11 | Cheng, Ret Cas Brief Rep | E. coli | 2.3 | 2.3 | - intravitreal vancomycin, ceftazidime, foscarnet and voriconazole - intravenous ceftriaxone and flucloxacillin - vitrectomy + AC washout + silicone oil - 2nd vitrectomy + chorio-retinal biopsy - oral ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin | same VA |
12 | Xu, BMC Ophthalmol | Klebsiella P | 2.7 | 2.3 | - intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime - topical levofloxacin, prednisolone 1% and atropine - intravenous cefoperazone - vitrectomy + phaco | better VA |
13 | Joseph, Indian J Ophthalmol | Cryptococcus Neoformans | 3.0 | 3.0 | - vitrectomy + intravitreal ganciclovir - intravitreal amphotericin - oral valganciclovir - systemic amphotericin | same VA |
14 | Majumder, Ocul Immun Inflamm | Nocardia Arthritidis, Mycobacterium Tubercolosis | 0.1; 1.9 | 0.3; 1.9 | - oral ATT and steroid - LE vitrectomy + silicone oil - RE intravitreal imipenem - intravenous cefotaxime and amikacin | RE worse and LE better VA |
15 | Verma, Ocul Immun Inflamm | Citrobacter | 2.3 | 1.0 | - intravenous vancomicin and ceftriaxone - topical antibiotics, steroids and cyclopentolate - intravitreal vancomicin and ceftazidime - 1st vitrectomy + intralesional piperacillin and tazobactam + silicone oil - systemic prednisolone - oral antibiotic ciprofloxacin - 2nd vitrectomy + phaco + buckle + silicone oil | better VA |
16 | Nair, Indian J Ophthalmol | Mycobacterium Tubercolosis | 0 | N/A | - oral ATT and steroids | – |
17 | Mata-Moret, Europ J Ophthalmol | Aspergillus Nidulans | 2.3 | 3.0 | - oral voriconazole - 7 x intravitreal voriconazole - 1st vitrectomy + intravitreal foscarnet - 2nd vitrectomy + SRA drainage + subretinal voriconazole - 3rd vitrectomy + SRA aspiration + lensectomy + endolaser | worse VA |
18 | Yang, Ret Cas Brief Rep | S. aureus | 2.7 | 1.9 | - intravenous vancomycin and ceftazidime - intravitreal vancomycin, ceftazidime and dexamethasone - 1st vitrectomy - 2nd vitrectomy+SRA drainage - 3rd vitrectomy + silicone oil - topical prednisolone and moxifloxacin | better VA |