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Table 2 Summary of initial and final visual acuity, treatment interventions and final outcomes of SRA without systemic foci

From: Subretinal abscess: causative pathogens, clinical features and management

S/N

Study

Pathogen

Initial VA (logMAR)

Final VA (logMAR)

Treatment

Outcome

1

Wilmarth, Annal Ophthal

Aspergillus Fumigatus

1.9

- intravenous amphotericin

- intravitreal amphotericin

- vitrectomy + lensectomy

- enucleation

enucleated

2

Halperin, Arch Ophthal

Aspergillu Flavus

1.9

1.9

vitrectomy + SRA drainage

same VA

3

Shields, Retina

not isolated

2.7

enucleation

enucleated

not isolated

N/A

enucleation

enucleated

4

Garg, Retina

Moraxella spp

2.3

0.6

- vitrectomy + lensectomy

- intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime

- intravenous vancomycin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone

better VA

5

Huynh, Ret Cas Brief Rep

Candida A.

0.3; 0.3

0; 0

- LE vitrectomy + SRA drainage

oral voriconazole

- RE 2 intravitreal amphotericin

- LE 2nd vitrectomy

BE better VA

6

Kanuraki, Int Ophthalmol

Candida A.

0

2.3

- Systemic acetylspiramycin and levofloxacin

- vitrectomy + cataract + SRA drainage + silicone oil + intralesional fluconazole and imipenem

- vitrectomy + silicone oil + antifungals

- vitrectomy + scleral encircling + membrane removal + silicone oil + antifungals

- intravitreal amphotericin

- intravenous fluconazole

worse VA

7

Anderson, Ret Cas Brief Rep

Acanthamoeba

1.3

1.3

- systemic ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and fluconazole

- vitrectomy + intravitreal vancomyin, ceftazidime and amphotericin

- 2nd vitrectomy + SRA drainage

- systemic amphotericin, fluconazole, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, rifampin

same VA

8

Matthews, Indian J Ophthalmol

phaeohyphomycosis

0.2

1.5

- topical prednisolone and cyclopentolate

- pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + clindamycin

- vitrectomy

- SRA biopsy + silicone oil

- oral voriconazole

- 2nd, 3rd and 4th vitrectomy

- intravitreal amphotericin

worse VA

9

Panigrahi, Indian J Ophthalmol

Aspergillus Terreus

2.7

2.7

- vitrectomy + intravitreal vancomicin, ceftazidime, voriconazole

- 6 x intravitreal voriconazole

- 2nd vitrectomy + endolaser + silicone oil

- oral voriconazole

same VA

10

Silva, Retina

Nocardia Asteroides

1.9

1.9

- intravitreal ganciclovir

- oral acyclovir, azithromycin and valganciclovir

- 1st vitrectomy

- 2nd vitrectomy + retinotomy + SRA biopsy + silicone oil

- oral TMP-SMX

- 2 x intravitreal amikacin

- enucleation

same VA

Nocardia Asteroides

0.3

enucleated

11

Cheng, Ret Cas Brief Rep

E. coli

2.3

2.3

- intravitreal vancomycin, ceftazidime, foscarnet and voriconazole

- intravenous ceftriaxone and flucloxacillin

- vitrectomy + AC washout + silicone oil

- 2nd vitrectomy + chorio-retinal biopsy

- oral ciprofloxacin and

amoxicillin

same VA

12

Xu, BMC Ophthalmol

Klebsiella P

2.7

2.3

- intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime

- topical levofloxacin, prednisolone 1% and atropine

- intravenous cefoperazone

- vitrectomy + phaco

better VA

13

Joseph, Indian J Ophthalmol

Cryptococcus Neoformans

3.0

3.0

- vitrectomy + intravitreal ganciclovir

- intravitreal amphotericin

- oral valganciclovir

- systemic amphotericin

same VA

14

Majumder, Ocul Immun Inflamm

Nocardia Arthritidis, Mycobacterium Tubercolosis

0.1; 1.9

0.3; 1.9

- oral ATT and steroid

- LE vitrectomy + silicone oil

- RE intravitreal imipenem

- intravenous cefotaxime and amikacin

RE worse and LE better VA

15

Verma, Ocul Immun Inflamm

Citrobacter

2.3

1.0

- intravenous vancomicin and ceftriaxone

- topical antibiotics, steroids and cyclopentolate

- intravitreal vancomicin and ceftazidime

- 1st vitrectomy + intralesional piperacillin and tazobactam + silicone oil

- systemic prednisolone

- oral antibiotic ciprofloxacin

- 2nd vitrectomy + phaco + buckle + silicone oil

better VA

16

Nair, Indian J Ophthalmol

Mycobacterium Tubercolosis

0

N/A

- oral ATT and steroids

17

Mata-Moret, Europ J Ophthalmol

Aspergillus Nidulans

2.3

3.0

- oral voriconazole

- 7 x intravitreal voriconazole

- 1st vitrectomy + intravitreal foscarnet

- 2nd vitrectomy + SRA drainage + subretinal voriconazole

- 3rd vitrectomy + SRA aspiration + lensectomy + endolaser

worse VA

18

Yang, Ret Cas Brief Rep

S. aureus

2.7

1.9

- intravenous vancomycin and ceftazidime

- intravitreal vancomycin,

ceftazidime and dexamethasone

- 1st vitrectomy

- 2nd vitrectomy+SRA drainage

- 3rd vitrectomy + silicone oil

- topical prednisolone and moxifloxacin

better VA

  1. S/N Study number, RE Right eye, LE Left eye, BE Both eyes, M Male, F Female, N/A Not available, ATT Anti-tubercular treatment