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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of antiphospholipid syndrome [6]

From: Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome and ocular manifestations

Peripheral thrombosis:

Hematological manifestations:

 • Deep venous thrombosis

 • Thrombocytopenia

 • Superficial thrombophlebitis in legs

 • Hemolytic anemia

 • Arterial thrombosis in legs

Gastrointestinal manifestations:

 • Venous thrombosis in arms

 • Esophageal ischemia

 • Arterial thrombosis in arms

 • Mesenteric ischemia

 • Subclavian vein thrombosis

 • Splenic infarction

 • Jugular vein thrombosis

Osteo-articular manifestations:

Neurologic manifestations:

 • Arthralgia

 • Migraine

 • Arthritis

 • Stroke

 • Avascular necrosis of bone

 • Transient ischemic attack

Cutaneous manifestations:

 • Epilepsy

 • Livedo reticularis

 • Multi-infarct dementia

 • Ulcers

 • Chorea

 • Pseudovasculitic lesions

 • Acute encephalopathy

 • Digital gangrene

Pulmonary manifestations:

 • Cutaneous necrosis

 • Pulmonary embolism

Obstetric manifestations:

 • Pulmonary hypertension

 • Preeclampsia

 • Pulmonary microthrombosis

 • Eclampsia

Cardiac manifestations:

 • Abruptio placentae

 • Valve thickening/dysfunction

Fetal manifestations:

 • Myocardial infarction

 • Early fetal losses (< 10 weeks)

 • Angina

 • Late fetal losses (≥10 weeks)

 • Myocardiopathy

 • Live births

 • Vegetations

 • Premature births

 • Coronary by-pass rethrombosis

 

Renal manifestations:

 

 • Glomerular thrombosis

 

 • Renal infraction

 

 • Renal artery thrombosis

 

 • Renal vein thrombosis

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