Table 1 Data of previous case reports of endogenous Candida endophthalmitis after renal stone lithotripsy since 2000–2018
Author | Age (sex) | Type of lithotripsy | Predisposing factor(s) | OD/OS | Treatment | Time of ocular presentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lavine [5] | 48 (M) | ESWL with ureteral stent | Rheumatoid arthritis on oral prednisone, positive urine culture for C. albicans | OD | Intravitreal injection of amphotericin-B+ intravenous amphotericin-B+ systemic voriconazole | One month after ESWL |
Yuan Z [6] | 54 (M) | ESWL with double-J Stent placement | Alcoholic liver disease, multiple stones, positive urine culture for C. albicans | Bilateral | Topical natamycin and fluconazole + systemic voriconazole + bilateral pars plana vitrectomy + silicon oil injection and fluconazole irrigation | 7 days after ESWL |
Toshikuni [7] | 69 (M) | ESWL with double-J Stent placement | Liver cirrhosis, bladder catheter, candiduria | Bilateral | Systemic and topical fluconazole | 23 days after ESWL |
Inn [10] | 46 (M) | Trans-ureteral lithotripsy with ureteral stent | Diabetes mellitus, positive urine culture for C. albicans | OD | Intravitreal injection of amphotericin-B and voriconazole + intravenous amphotericin-B and voriconazole + oral voriconazole + 2 time pars plana vitrectomy | 5 days after trans-urethral lithotripsy |
Barbosa [11] | 59 (F) | Decompressive nephrostomy | Obstructive pyelonephritis | Bilateral | Intravenous fluconazole + intravitreal voriconazole + pars plana vitrectomy | One month after nephrostomy |