Table 4 Risk factors for corneal ulcer development associated with clinical outcomes (No Surgical Intervention vs. Surgical Intervention)
Variable | No Surgical Intervention (N = 127) | Surgical Intervention (N = 30) | P-value | Corrected P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 55 (43.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.410 | 0.649 |
Female | 71 (56.3%) | 20 (66.7%) | ||
Race | ||||
White | 14 (11%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.541 | 0.734 |
Black | 37 (29.1%) | 12 (40%) | ||
Other | 76 (59.8%) | 16 (53.3%) | ||
Age | ||||
Median | 57 | 62.5 | 0.005 | 0.024 |
IQR | 40.5–73.8 | 58.2–84.8 | ||
Diabetes | 45 (35.7%) | 15 (50%) | 0.210 | 0.443 |
Systemic Immunosuppression | 31 (24.6%) | 6 (20%) | 0.811 | 1.000 |
Ocular Surface Disease | 54 (42.5%) | 21 (70%) | 0.008 | 0.031 |
Previous Eye Surgery | 37 (29.4%) | 14 (46.7%) | 0.084 | 0.229 |
History of Trauma | 15 (12%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.529 | 0.734 |
Inappropriate Contact Lens Use | 25 (67.6%) | 3 (75%) | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Use of Steroid Eye Drops | 30 (23.6%) | 11 (36.7%) | 0.167 | 0.397 |
Type of Corneal Ulcer | ||||
Central | 50 (43.5%) | 18 (72%) | 0.014 | 0.045 |
Peripheral | 65 (56.5%) | 7 (28%) | ||
Pt reported start of symptomsa | ||||
Median | 3 | 4 | 0.948 | 1.000 |
IQR | 2–7 | 1.8–7 | ||
Ulcer area | ||||
Median | 2 | 10.8 | 0.003 | 0.024 |
IQR | 1–6.8 | 4–16 | ||
Log MAR (at presentation) | ||||
Median | 0.6 | 2.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
IQR | 0.3–1.9 | 1.9–2.8 | ||
Among patients with culture (n = 108) | n = 80 | n = 28 | ||
Positive Culture | 57 (71.2%) | 20 (71.4%) | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Gram-Positive Cocci Presence | 44 (55%) | 12 (42.9%) | 0.282 | 0.536 |
Gram-Negative Rod Presence | 18 (22.5%) | 9 (32.1%) | 0.321 | 0.554 |
Gram-Positive Rod Presence | 3 (3.8%) | 1 (3.6%) | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Fungi Presence | 0 (0%) | 4 (14.3%) | 0.004 | 0.024 |