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Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection

Table 3 Association between Risk Factors for Corneal Ulcer Development and Visual Acuity at Presentation (N = 193)

From: Prognostic indicators of corneal ulcer clinical outcomes at a tertiary care center in the Bronx, New York

Variable

LogMAR < 0.4 (n = 59)

0.4 <  = logMAR < 1.9 (n  = 56)

logMAR >  = 1.9 (n = 78)

P-value

Corrected P-value

Spearman Correlation

Gender

 Male

25 (41.4%)

22 (32.1%)

36 (46.2%)

0.255

0.354

 

 Female

34 (58.6%)

38 (67.9%)

42 (53.8%)

   

Race

 White

11 (18.6%)

4 (7.1%)

5 (6.4%)

0.155

0.233

 

 Black

15 (25.4%)

16 (28.6%)

29 (37.2%)

   

 Other

33 (56%)

36 (64.3%)

44 (56.4%)

   

Age

 Median

46.5

51

65

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.4 (0.28–0.51)

 IQR

32.2–59.2

35.2–67.2

55–78.8

   

Diabetes

13 (22.4%)

12 (21.4%)

38 (48.7%)

 < 0.001

0.002

 

Systemic Immunosuppression

8 (13.8%)

14 (25%)

19 (24.4%)

0.288

0.370

 

Ocular Surface Disease

16 (27.1%)

23 (41.1%)

43 (55.1%)

0.004

0.010

 

Previous Eye Surgery

9 (15.5%)

10 (17.9%)

33 (42.3%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 

History of Trauma

10 (17.2%)

6 (10.9%)

8 (10.3%)

0.492

0.554

 

Inappropriate Contact Lens Use

16 (69.6%)

14 (70%)

12 (80%)

0.594

0.629

 

Steroid Eye Drop Use (Local Immunosuppression)

4 (6.8%)

13 (23.2%)

24 (30.8)

0.002

0.005

 

Corneal Ulcer Location

 Central

18 (22.6%)

29 (44.9%)

54 (69.2%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 

 Peripheral

41 (77.4%)

27 (55.1%)

24 (30.8%)

   

Patient Reported Start of Symptomsa

 Median

2

3

4

0.006

0.014

0.22 (0.06–0.36)

 IQR

1–5

2–4

2–14

   

Area

 Median

0.6–2.1

0.9–4

3.1–20

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.55 (0.43–0.65)

 IQR

1

1.1

9.8

   

Among patients with culture (n = 126)

n = 23

n = 38

n = 65

   

Positive Culture

14 (60.9%)

25 (65.8%)

48 (73.8%)

0.066

0.119

 

Gram- Positive Cocci Presence

9 (39.1%)

23 (60.5%)

32 (49.2%)

0.649

0.649

 

Gram-Negative Rod Presence

5 (21.7%)

4 (10.5%)

21 (32.3%)

0.023

0.046

 

Gram-Positive Rod Presence

1 (4.3%)

1 (2.6%)

4 (6.2%)

0.365

0.437

 

Fungi Presence

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

5 (7.7%)

0.124

0.203

 
  1. Values are count (%) for categorical variables and median (IQR) for continuous variables
  2. P-value by Mann–Whitney U-test for binary variables and by a Kruskal–Wallis test for categorical variables with more than 2 categories, and a Spearman test for continuous variables. The corrected P-value represents the p-value after multiple testing correction was performed
  3. aNumber of Days Prior to Presentation
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