Table 2 Association between risk factors for corneal ulcer development and ulcer size at presentation (N = 156)

Gender

 Male

10 (31.2%)

21 (29.4%)

26 (47.3%)

0.190

0.342

 Female

22 (68.8%)

48 (70.6%)

29 (52.7%)

Race

 White

1 (3.1%)

7 (10.1%)

6 (10.9%)

0.066

0.239

 Black

9 (28.1%)

19 (27.5%)

21 (38.2%)

 Other

22 (68.8%)

43 (62.3%)

28 (50.9%)

Age

 Median

47

52.5

62

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.35 (0.2–0.48)

 IQR

31.8–57.8

35.8–63.5

53–75.5

Diabetes

9 (28.1%)

18 (26.5%)

20 (36.4%)

0.274

0.411

Systemic Immunosuppression

5 (15.6%)

12 (17.6%)

16 (29.1%)

0.088

0.245

Ocular Surface Disease

13 (40.6%)

24 (34.8%)

29 (52.7%)

0.118

0.245

Previous Eye Surgery

5 (15.6%)

16 (23.5%)

14 (25.5%)

0.358

0.473

History of Trauma

6 (19.4%)

9 (13%)

6 (11.1%)

0.417

0.501

Inappropriate Contact Lens Use

11 (84.6%)

16 (64%)

13 (76.5%)

0.516

0.516

Steroid Eye Drop Use (Local Immunosuppression)

4 (12.5%)

14 (20.6)

14 (25.5%)

0.122

0.245

Corneal Ulcer Location

 Central

15 (41.4%)

25 (35.3%)

39 (69.2%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Peripheral

17 (58.6%)

44 (64.7%)

16 (30.8%)

Patient Reported Start of Symptoms^a

 Median

2.5

3

3

0.249

0.408

0.1 (-0.07–0.26)

 IQR

1–4

1.8–6.2

1–7

Log MAR (at presentation)

 Median

0.3

0.5

1.9

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.55 (0.43–0.65)

 IQR

0.1–0.5

0.3–1.9

1.1–2.3

Among Patients with Cultured Result (n = 108)

n = 17

n = 39

n = 52

Positive Culture

12 (70.6%)

25 (64.1%)

38 (73.1%)

0.469

0.516

Gram- Positive Cocci Presence

11 (64.7%)

19 (48.7%)

25 (48.1%)

0.368

0.473

Gram-Negative Rod Presence

0 (0%)

6 (15.4%)

20 (38.5%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Gram-Positive Rod Presence

1 (5.9%)

1 (2.6%)

3 (5.8%)

0.492

0.516

Fungi Presence

0 (0%)

1 (2.6%)

3 (5.8%)

0.112

0.245